Literature Synthesis (Literature Review and Synthesis Matrix)

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NO PLAGARISM PLEASE. THE FILE THAT SAYS “Literature Synthesis (Literature Review and Synthesis Matrix)” IS FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT. please read the instructions for this essay and write accordingly. all the formatting and EVERYTHING REGARDING THIS PAPER IS ATTACHED THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THIS ESSAY , ALSO MENTIONS TO LAST ESSAY WHICH I HAVE SUBITTED BELOW AND ITS CALLED ” DINA RESEARCH TOPIC” I’VE SUBMITTED THE INSTRUCTIONS AND THE ESSAY THAT I WROTE FOR LAST PAPER. LET ME KNOW IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS PLEASE 🙂

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Public Health 122 – Research Topic and Problem Statement (Rubric)
During the quarter you will write a health policy analysis paper. The research topic and problem statement assignment is one of the tools
necessary to analyze a policy problem. This assignment helps you gain an understanding of how to select a topic and write a problem statement.
Finally, it will help you conduct a literature synthesis, write the Bardach Policy Memo and the Final Health Polich Analysis Paper.
The assignment will be in Times New Roman 12 pt. font with 1-inch margins, single space or double space, minimum (1 full page), maximum 2
pages (do not exceed two pages), not including the Cover/Title Page, to be submitted as one Word file (PDFs, Pages or Google Doc files will not
be accepted). A minimum of 1 reference required and 1 in-text citation. A minimum of 3 sentences required for the problem statement. Headers
and subheaders are required. You will include the specific section headers (which will be provided) for this assignment (refer to the rubric
below). This assignment will be submitted via Canvas and is Due Wednesday, October 18, at 10:55 p.m. NO EXCEPTIONS. LATE SUBMISSIONS
WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL SUBMISSIONS BE ACCEPTED VIA EMAIL OR THE CANVAS “COMMENT BOX” OR
COMMENT INBOX MESSAGES. All ASSIGNMENTS MUST BE SUBMITTED VIA CANVAS. DO NOT USE EMAIL OR THE CANVAS “COMMENT BOX”
OR CANVAS INBOX MESSAGES TO SUBMIT YOUR ASSIGNMENTS; IT WILL NOT BE READ/GRADED.
Follow these steps to effectively write about your research topic and problem statement (headers and subheaders are required in this
paper/assignment):
1. Provide a working title of your paper (your paper title may change until you submit your final paper), your name and course information.
See example below (this is on a separate page):
Research Topic and Problem Statement
Your Name Here
Provide a Title Here
Name of your possible Client Here (i.e., Drug Free America Foundation, Inc.)
Targeted for Politicians (Name of Stakeholder(s) (i.e., Identify your audience here: A pharmaceutical company, lobbyists, NRA, AARP,
AMA, an advocacy group, CMS, healthcare providers, employees, insurance companies, patients, a politician or politicians, etc.)
PH122 Fall 2023
University of California, Irvine
What should be included in the research topic and problem statement assignment (single space or double space is fine) and no longer than 2
pages max. Be sure to cite your reference(s) immediately below the problem statement and provide an in-text citation:
2. Research Topic (Header)
Why: (Subheader)
Who: (Subheader)
What: (Subheader)
Where: (Subheader)
1
When: (Subheader)
Possible Topic: (Subheader)
Problem Identification: (Subheader)
3. Problem Statement (Header)
4. Reference(s) (Header)
1. Your reference goes here
Helpful Hints (respond to the seven steps):
Respond to the seven steps below. Start by responding to the following questions/steps below in an effort to refine and narrow down your
topic. Do some research to start narrowing down your topic (i.e., use the library resources, search engines). And finally, be sure to select a topic
that interests you, and research can be located on the topic selected.
Research Topic (Header) (single space or double space)
1. WHY did you choose the topic? What interests you about it? Do you have an opinion about the issues involved?
2. WHO are the information providers on this topic? Who might publish information about it? Who is affected by the topic? Do you know of
organizations or institutions affiliated with the topic?
3. WHAT are the major questions for this topic? Is there a debate about the topic? Are there a range of issues and viewpoints to consider?
4. WHERE is your topic important: at the local, national or international level? Are there specific places and/or populations affected by the topic?
5. WHEN is/was your topic important? Is it a current event or a historical issue? Do you want to compare your topic by time periods?
6. Identify your possible topic (identify as a short sentence).
7. Identify the question/problem identification (i.e., turn your topic into a question). This is your problem identification written as one sentence.
You only need to provide one problem identification. (It should be posed as a question and this question may be used in your problem
statement).
In your submission, provide your response to the following: Why, Who, What, Where, When, Possible Topic, and Problem Identification as a
Word document (single space or double space).
An example below focusing on global warming (content reproduced):
Research Topic (header)
1. Why: I am interested in environmental issues, and I am interested in how technology can be used to improve things in the future.
2. Who: Many environmental journals have published research on this topic. Also, organizations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Environment Programme publish reports on the topic.
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3. What: The main questions in this topic are as follows: A) Which types of energy sources are best for the environment?, B) Are they feasible?,
C) How much will they cost?, D) What are the potential positive or negative effects?, and E) There are many debates about this topic and climate
change can be a controversial issue.
4. Where: This issue is important for everyone, both on the local levels and on a global level.
5. When: This is a current issue; it is very important today and for the future. I would like this paper to be more future-focused.
6. Identify your possible topic (identify as a short sentence): From these answers, I came up with possible topics, such as ‘the causes of global
warming’ ‘technological solutions to global warming’, or ‘what effect does global warming have on business?’ or ‘scientific debate about global
warming’
7. Problem Identification: Turn topic into a question – ‘Can alternative energy sources help stop global warming?’
(Content reproduced from MIT.edu under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License)
For the Problem Identification, please be sure to Read Ch. 14 (including pages 342-344 – Problem Identification).
Additional hints for the problem identification: A) Is my problem written as one sentence in the form of a question? B) Can I identify the focus of
my problem?, and C) Can I identify several options (but not too many) for solving the problem?
The problem needs to be very focused. If the problem is too big or too vague, it will be difficult to analyze and determine a resolution to the
issue. Problem identification should define a specific problem; it should not indicate how that problem should be solved. Once you have written
your concise and precise problem identification, you have set the framework for your analysis. Every other section of the analysis should relate
directly to the problem you identified.
Examples of problem identification (Chapter 14 – EHPL book):
Problem identification Ex. 1:
What type of tax credit, if any, should the president include in the next budget proposal?
Problem identification Ex. 2:
What type and size of health insurance tax credit should the president include in the next budget proposal?
Problem identification Ex. 1:
Which health issue should be the governor’s top priority?
Problem identification Ex. 2:
Should the governor’s priority of reducing the number of obese residents be accomplished by relying on currently existing programs?
An acceptable way to identify the problem for the pharmaceutical lobbying firm:
Ex. How can this firm help improve medical care quality in the United States by reducing the importation of dangerous prescription drugs from
Canada?
An acceptable way to identify the problem for the elder rights association:
Ex. How can this association help seniors obtain low-priced prescription drugs from Canada?
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Neutral problem identification:
Ex. What action should [the client] take in response to recent congressional proposals relating to importing prescription drugs from Canada?
Reflect on the following examples. They both may be acceptable problem identifications, depending on the needs of your client.
A broad problem identification:
Ex. What action should the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services take to avoid another flu vaccine shortage?
A narrow problem identification:
Ex. How can the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services create incentives for additional manufacturers to supply flu vaccine to the
United States?
A manageable problem identification:
Ex. What preventive health issue should be the top priority for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention next year?
Helpful Hints for the Problem Statement:
Problem Statement (header) (single space or double space)
For the problem statement (ex. Refer to Bardach as well), think in terms of excess or deficit (too much or too little). Include quantitative data. Be
sure include a population of interest. Provide a minimum of three sentences. And provide a minimum of 1 reference and 1 in-text citation (3
maximum references) in AMA format. Do not include the solution in the problem statement. Do not exceed 250 words for the problem
statement. The problem statement needs to be very concise.
Examples of problem statement with AMA formatting:
Problem Statement
The 1996 Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave per 12-month period for specified family and
medical reasons to nearly 60% of employees in the United States (U.S.).1 However, many Americans are not covered under the FMLA; or do not
use it because of the financial implications of unpaid leave. What could Kentucky Senator McConnell do to address this issue, FMLA, in his state?
Reference(s)
1. Breidenbach, M. A family impact analysis of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. (Wisconsin Family Impact Analysis Series). Madison,
WI: University of Wisconsin Center for Excellence in Family Studies; 2003.
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Problem Statement
About 5% of children in Pennsylvania do not have health insurance because of their immigration or refugee status. As of 2019, an estimated
24,000 Pennsylvania children are undocumented and uninsured and do not qualify for CHIP, Medicaid, ACA Marketplace coverage or
Pennsylvania’s Cover All Kids program.1 What options are available to the Governor (Shapiro) to support health coverage for these children?
Reference(s)
1. Pennsylvania Immigration and Citizenship Coalition (PCCY). Fulfilling Pennsylvania’s Promise to Cover All Kids.
https://paimmigrant.org/toolbox/report-fulfilling-pennsylvanias-promise-to-cover-all-kids/. Updated September 8, 2019. Accessed August 5,
2023.
Problem Statement
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for the United States (U.S.) teens. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC),
about eight teens ages 13-19 die every day from motor vehicle crash injuries.1 Per mile driven, teen drivers ages 16-19 have a fatal crash rate
almost three times as high as drivers ages 20 and older.1 The state of Michigan is the most dangerous state for teen drivers. There were 473,443
licensed drivers ages 15-20 who represented 6.7% of Michigan’s driving population in 2020.2 The drivers in this age group represented 10.3%
(41,685) of drivers in all crashes and 7.7% (126) of drivers in fatal crashes.2 What can Michigan do to prevent teen motor vehicle fatalities and
injuries?
References(s)
1. Centers for Disease Control. Teen Driver and Passenger Safety.
https://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/teen_drivers/index.html#:~:text=Motor%20vehicle%20crashes%20are%20th,drivers%20ages%2020
%20and%20older. Updated November 21, 2022. Accessed August 5, 2023.
2. Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts. Teens/Young Adults Ages 15-20.
https://publications.michigantrafficcrashfacts.org/2020/2020TeensYoungAdultsAges15-20.pdf. Accessed August 5, 2023.
A. You will need to provide an in-text citation in this assignment. Please do not forget to cite your source(s). You will lose points if they are not
provided.
B. Do not use quotes in your paper as well as footnotes, endnote or footers.
Formatting:
o About 1 to 2-pages, double space or single space, not including the Cover/Title Page, to be submitted as one Word file.
o Do not go beyond 2 pages
5
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Times New Roman 12 pt. font, 1-inch margins
Save your paper with your first and last name in Word identifying your paper assignment (i.e., Ann Smith_research topic problem
statement OR RTPS)
Use 1-inch margins, 10 pt. font (Times Roman) with your name and RTPS in the upper left-hand corner of each page as a header if you
can (if you are comfortable with Word you can omit your name and page number on the title page and start it on the second page). You
will not be penalized if your name is presented twice on the Cover/Title page.
Cover/Title page (on a separate page)
Provide In-text citation(s)
Minimum of 1 reference in AMA formatting immediately below the problem statement
Minimum of 1 in-text citation
Do not provide more than 3 references
In-text citation(s) and Reference(s) must be in AMA format (AMA resources):
AMA format: http://library.stkate.edu/assets/library-uploads/files/citeAMA.pdf
AMA format: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/ama_style/index.html
AMA format: https://guides.lib.uw.edu/hsl/ama/intext
AMA format: https://guides.lib.uw.edu/hsl/ama/print
AMA format: https://guides.lib.uw.edu/hsl/ama/electronic
AMA format: https://libguides.limestone.edu/citation/amastyle
Do not use Google Docs or Google Sheets or Pages to write your paper. It is more difficult to format when using Google Docs, Google
Sheets or Pages. Please contact UCI OIT to receive a free copy of Word for use. And try not to write your assignment on your phone.
Paper Submission/Due date (Late papers/assignments will not be accepted, or read/graded). Please submit your assignment as a
Word file by 10:55 p.m. on Wednesday, October 18. The RTPS must be submitted online via Canvas by 10:55 p.m. on the specified due
date. Please be on time when submitting your assignment. You can submit your assignment multiple times via Canvas before the
deadline/due date. Do not wait until the last minute to make a submission. Canvas will close at around 10:54 p.m.
Rubric and Organization:
• Key Info: 50 points possible
• Headers: Research Topic, Problem Statement, and Reference(s)
• Subheaders: Why, Who, What, Where, When, Possible Topic, and Problem Identification
• Probably 1 to 1½ pages, 2 pages maximum in length not including the Cover/Title Page
• To be submitted: Cover/Title page, and Research Topic and Problem Statement, Reference(s. List reference(s) immediately below the
Problem Statement
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Research Topic and Problem Statement (Rubric)
Possible Points to be Received
Criteria
Title Page
Unacceptable
0 points
Missing/Completely missing
title page.
Needs Work
1 points
Missing required
component(s). Title is not
relevant or clear.
Good
2 points
Missing required
component (s). Title is
present.
Research Topic
(Includes the
seven steps,
responses)
0 points
Fails to identify a relevant
research topic or is not
clearly defined. Seven
steps/responses are
missing.
10 points
Identifies a research topic,
but may be too broad in
scope and/or needs to be
developed further. Some of
the seven steps/responses
are missing and/or needs
further development.
Weak.
15 points
Identifies a relevant
research topic with
some degree of interest
for the reader. All the
seven steps/responses
are present. The
problem identification is
present.
Problem
Statement
(Minimum of 3
sentences and
quantitative
data included).
0 points
Problem statement missing.
Organization
0 points
Paper/assignment lacks
logical organization and
impedes readers’
comprehension of ideas.
Central position is rarely
evident and/or the
paper/assignment is missing
5 points
Demonstrates general
understanding of
developing a problem
statement. Problem
Identification may be
missing or not clear.
Quantitative data is
somewhat presented or
weak. Population not clear.
2 points
Paper/assignment is
somewhat organized,
although occasionally ideas
from section to section
may not flow well and/or
connect to the central
position or be clear as a
whole. May be missing a
10 points
Demonstrates an
understanding of
developing a problem
statement. Includes the
Problem Identification
and provides
quantitative data.
Presents a population
that may be affected.
3 points
Paper/assignment is
adequately organized.
Ideas are arranged
reasonably with a
progression of thought
from section to section
connecting to the
central position.
Excellent
3 points
Meets the requirements.
Good development of a title,
course information is there,
etc.
25 points
Identifies a relevant research
topic that will provide
direction for the final paper
and is engaging and thought
provoking. Fully responds to
the seven steps. The seven
steps/responses are clear
and concise. The problem
identification is very succinct.
15 points
Demonstrates a sophisticated
understanding of developing
a problem statement.
Includes the Problem
Identification and provides
very good quantitative data.
Presents a very specific
population that may be
affected.
5 points
Paper/assignment is
effectively organized. Ideas
are arranged logically, flow
smoothly, with a strong
progression of thought from
section to section connecting
to the central position.
Includes all required
Total
/3
/25
/15
/5
7
multiple required
components.
required component
and/or components may
be less than complete.
Seems rushed or put
together at the very last
minute.
Includes required
components (research topic
components (research
and seven steps, problem
topic and seven steps,
statement, reference and inproblem statement,
text citation, and quantitative
reference and in-text
data).
citation, and
quantitative data) for
the most part.
Reference(s)
0 points
2 points
/2
and In-text
Missing requirements
Provide a minimum of 1 reference (1 pt).
citation(s)
completely.
Provide a minimum of 1 in-text citation (1 pt).
See below in the section pertaining to (Grammar, Formatting, References – Deductions
of the Paper).
TOTAL POINTS (sum of 50 Criteria)
/50
Grammar/Formatting/References Deductions of the paper:
▪ Incorrect grammar/spelling errors -1
▪ Incorrect punctuation/errors -1
▪ Informal, non-academic language -1
▪ Incorrect formatting of the paper itself -1
▪ (Section) Headers missing -2
▪ Subheaders missing -2
▪ If body of the paper/assignment is less than 1 page -1
▪ If body of the paper/assignment is more than 2 pages -1
▪ If provides more than 3 references -1
▪ Poor sources/citations utilized (i.e., blog, lacks evidence-based research, etc.) -1
▪ Source/citations older than 10 years old -1 (Request permission to use a citation older than 10 years from professor)
▪ If Cover/Title Page is not on a separate page -1
▪ **If paper/assignment is confusing, unorganized, or poorly constructed; repetitive; meaning we cannot hear your voice -5
▪ **If the paper/assignment was written very poorly and reads like it was cut and pasted -5
▪ Reference/missing (worth 1 pt. each) -1
▪ If in-text citation(s) are completely missing in the body of the assignment -1
▪ If only hyperlinks provided for the reference(s) -1 for each hyperlink
▪ If only hyperlinks provided for in-text citation(s) -1
▪ If links or references, including in-text citation(s) are in blue font -1
▪ If Problem Statement is less than 3 sentences -1
**NOTE: If any plagiarism is present you will receive a “0” for the entire paper/assignment (try not to use Chat GPT to write your assignment)
(You will not be penalized if citations are not correctly formatted in AMA, but do your best and try to do it)
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Public Health 122 – Literature Synthesis (Literature Review and Synthesis Matrix) (Rubric)
For this assignment you will conduct a Literature Synthesis, a Literature Review with a Synthesis Matrix (a chart), on the same topic presented
from your Research Topic and Problem Statement assignment. A literature view requires a synthesis of different subtopics to come to a greater
understanding of the state of knowledge on a larger issue. The individual pieces (arguments) must be put together to reveal the whole (state of
knowledge). Through this assignment, it will help you develop your arguments and find evidence. It will also show where there are gaps in the
literature. This assignment is not a summary of articles, but presenting a summary of each source by first developing criteria (i.e., Main Idea)
with the use of the Synthesis Matrix (chart) that will guide the selection of the articles to be included in the literature synthesis/review. Second,
you will summarize the literature (i.e., identify patterns which will guide your writing). You will show where there is agreement and
disagreement, and show the gaps in the literature. Third, you will also include in your submission the developed Synthesis Matrix (chart), with
the main ideas and sources (i.e., author), etc. Present a minimum of 5 main ideas and 5 sources (i.e., 5 main ideas X 5 sources) in the Synthesis
Matrix as a chart and formatted in landscape (due to space constraints) with in-text citations. You will cite the sources utilized directly below the
Synthesis Matrix. And fourth, you will include a minimum of 10 references (maximum 12) on a separate page which need to be cited (as in-text
citations) within your literature synthesis/review in AMA format. The 5 sources in your Synthesis Matrix do need to be part of the 10 references
you provide in the reference section. (Note: You only need to include 5 out of the 10 sources/references researched for the written Literature
Synthesis within the Synthesis Matrix). Also, be sure to keep your population of interest in mind when you conduct your research and mention it
in your Literature Synthesis (Literature Review and Synthesis Matrix). Headers and subheaders are required. You will include the specific section
headers (which will be provided) for this assignment (refer to the rubric below). This assignment will be submitted via Canvas and is Due
Wednesday, October 25, at 10:55 p.m. NO EXCEPTIONS. LATE SUBMISSIONS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL
SUBMISSIONS BE ACCEPTED VIA EMAIL OR THE CANVAS “COMMENT BOX” OR COMMENT INBOX MESSAGES. All ASSIGNMENTS MUST BE
SUBMITTED VIA CANVAS. DO NOT USE EMAIL OR THE CANVAS “COMMENT BOX” OR CANVAS INBOX MESSAGES TO SUBMIT YOUR
ASSIGNMENTS; IT WILL NOT BE READ/GRADED.
Follow these steps to effectively write the Literature Synthesis (Literature Review and Synthesis Matrix) (headers are required in this
paper/assignment):
1. Provide a Cover/Title Page with the following.
See example below (this is on a separate page):
Literature Synthesis (Literature Review and Synthesis Matrix)
Title of your Literature Synthesis/Review (It can be the same as your previous assignment or differ)
Your Name Here
PH122 Fall 2023
University of California, Irvine
What should be included in the Literature Synthesis (Literature Review and Synthesis Matrix assignment), double space, no longer than 5½ pages
maximum (the body), the Literature Synthesis, References, and Synthesis Matrix (chart, no page limit). Be sure to cite your references on
separate page, provide in-text citations (in both the literature synthesis/review and synthesis matrix), and provide the Synthesis Matrix as last
(on a separate page) in a chart format. Listed below is the order for your submission:
1
2. Literature Synthesis/Review (Header)
Provide a short title or topic of your paper (Subheader) (It can be the same as your previous assignment or differ)
3. References (Header)
4. Synthesis Matrix (Header) (This is your chart)
Topic: (Insert Topic Here) (Subheader) (It can be the same as your previous assignment or differ)
References/Sources for Matrix (Header) (Provide directly below the chart)
Helpful Hints: Creating your Synthesis Matrix (Content adapted from NC State University Writing and Speaking Tutorial Service Tutors, 2006 Writing a literature review and using a synthesis matrix):
My professor says I have to write a literature review, what do I do?
Well, to begin, you have to know that when writing a literature review, the goal of the researcher is to determine the current state of knowledge
about a particular topic by asking, “What do we know or not know about this issue?” In conducting this type of research, it is imperative to
examine several different sources to determine where the knowledge overlaps and where it falls short. A literature review requires a synthesis
of different subtopics to come to a greater understanding of the state of knowledge on a larger issue. It works very much like a jigsaw puzzle.
The individual pieces (arguments) must be put together in order to reveal the whole (state of knowledge).
So basically, I just read the articles and summarize each one separately?
No, a literature review is not a summary. Rather than merely presenting a summary of each source, a literature review should be organized
according to each subtopic discussed about the larger topic. For example, one section of a literature review might read “Researcher A suggests
that X is true. Researcher B also argues that X is true, but points out that the effects of X may be different from those suggested by Researcher
A.” It is clear that subtopic X is the main idea covered in these sentences. Researchers A and B agree that X is true, but they disagree on X’s
effects. There is both agreement and disagreement, but what links the two arguments is the fact that they both concern X.
This sounds like a lot of information; how can I keep it organized?
And because a literature review is NOT a summary of these different sources, it can be very difficult to keep your research organized. It is
especially difficult to organize the information in a way that makes the writing process simpler. One way that seems particularly helpful in
organizing literature reviews is the Synthesis Matrix. The Synthesis Matrix is a chart that allows a researcher to sort and categorize the different
arguments presented on an issue. Across the top of the chart are the spaces to record sources, and along the side of the chart are the spaces to
record the main points of argument on the topic at hand. As you examine your first source, you will work vertically in the column belonging to
that source, recording as much information as possible about each significant idea presented in the work. Follow a similar pattern for your
following sources. As you find information that relates to your already identified main points, put it in the pertaining row. In your new sources,
you will also probably find new main ideas that you need to add to your list at the left. You now have a completed matrix! As you write your
review, you will work horizontally in the row belonging to each point discussed. As you combine the information presented in each row, you will
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begin to see each section of your paper taking shape. Remember, some of the sources may not cover all of the main ideas listed on the left, but
that can be useful also. The gaps on your chart could provide clues about the gaps in the current state of knowledge on your topic. It is probably
best to begin your chart by labeling the columns both horizontally and vertically. The sample chart below illustrates how to do this. Be sure to
provide a minimum of 5 main ideas and 5 references (5 X 5 chart), provide references, and in-text citations in AMA format in the chart:
Synthesis Matrix
Topic: Women in WWII
Topic/Main Idea
Source 1
(Author, Date)
Source 2
(Author, Date)
Source 3
(Author, Date)
Source 4
(Author, Date)
Source 5
(Author, Date)
Cornelsen, 2005
Stewart, 2000
Bruley, 2003
Scott, 1984
Name, year
– WAAC (Women’s
Army Auxiliary Corp)
was 1st chance for
women to serve in
army, given full
army status in 1943
as WAC2(p28)
– Needs of the war
were so great that
women’s traditional
social roles were
ignored2(p30)
– Military women
paid well for the
time period and
given benefits if
they became
pregnant2(p32)
– The 1940’s brought
more opportunities
to women than ever
before2(p26)
– Women in the
military given
extensive physical
-Women given equal
opportunities3(p223)
– Women joined
workforce as a break
from the ordinary to
help the war3(p220)
– Unconscious decision
to cross into maledominated roles3(p221)
– Seized these new
opportunities to bring
about change3(p230)
– Women born in the
1920’s found new
doors open to them
where they once would
have encountered brick
walls4(p526)
-Even women not
directly involved in the
war were changing
mentally by being
challenged to expand
their horizons because
of the changing world
around them4(p562)
– War also brought
intellectual expansion
to many people4(p557)
– Women given
unskilled labor
positions by
NONE
1.
Alteration
of women’s
roles
because of
WWII
– Women accredited the
WASP program for
opening new doors,
challenging stereotypes,
and proving that women
were as capable as
men1(p113)
– Women could compete
with men as equals in
the sky because of their
exemplary
performance1(p116)
– WASP created
opportunities for
women that had never
previously existed1(p 112)
– Women’s success at
flying aircrafts “marked
a pivotal step towards
breaking the existing
gender barrier”1(p112)
2.
Hardships
and
oppositions
– “From the outset male
pilots resented women’s
presence in a
3
women
faced
traditionally male
military setting”1(p113-4)
– “The WASP were
routinely assigned
inferior planes that
were later found to
have been improperly
maintained”1(p114)
– discrimination against
WASP at every level of
military service, women
were only paid 2/3 of
what men were for
doing identical
tasks1(p114)
– “In the belief that
women were
emotionally and
physically fragile, the
military questioned
women’s capabilities to
fly an aircraft”1(p114-5)
regardless of their
training or aptitude WASP’s not granted
veteran status until
19791(p115)
and mental tests,
but still
discriminated
against, ridiculed,
and considered
inferior to men2(p29)
government because
only seen as temporary
workers, therefore no
reason to train
them3(p221-2)
– Women given less
significant work and
viewed as less
intelligent and
physically able3(p224)
-“The Church-Bliss
diary reveals how
dilution
arrangements…ensure
d that women working
in male preserves were
prevented from
achieving any sort of
equality”3(p230)
– more traditionally
male jobs resisted the
integration of women
workers, while other
industries were less
resistant… but in most
all cases women were
considered temporary
workers3(p221)
– Equal pay rarely given
to women, even
though women did the
same work3(p221)
– Women occasionally
found their way to
positions of
importance, but were
always treated as
inferior3(p226-8)
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3.
Opposition:
WWII did
NOT
influence
women
NONE
– Women put in
untraditional roles
during/because of
the war, but back to
previous
subservient roles
after the war2(p35)
– After the war, women
were the first to be let
go because of their
temporary status3(p230)
– Women in the
workforce also faced
discrimination from
labor unions3(p226)
– Women were not
affected
because they still
remained in
subordinate positions
after the
war3(p217)
NONE
4.
5.
SOURCE: NC State University Writing and Speaking Tutorial Service, 2006
References/Sources for Matrix
1. Cornelsen, K. Women Airforce Service Pilots of World War II: Exploring Military Aviation, Encountering Discrimination, and Exchanging
Traditional Roles in Service to America. J of Women’s History. 2005;17(4):111-119. doi:10.1353/jowh.2005.0046
2. Stewart, JN. Wacky Times: An Analysis of the WAC in World War II and its Effects on Women. Int Social Science Review. 2000;75(1):26-37.
doi:10.2307/41887024.
3. Bruley, S. A New Perspective on Women Workers in the Second World War: The Industrial Diary of Kathleen Church-Bliss and Elsie Whiteman.
Labour History Review. 2003;68, 217-234.
4. Scott, AF. One Woman’s Experience of World War II. J of American History. 1990;77(2), 556-562. doi:10.2307/2079184
5.
Example of Writing the Literature Synthesis/Review:
After your chart is complete, you will notice patterns of information. You may find that your sources, at times, discuss very similar material, or
that they sometimes deal with completely different aspects of your topic. These patterns can be useful in creating an overarching thesis that can
guide your writing and keep you focused as you begin your draft (remember by this point you have already identified a problem and a problem
statement in the previous assignment – Research Topic and Problem Statement).
Here is an example a literature synthesis/literature review – This excerpt synthesizes information without summarizing:
5
Literatur