Description
In quantitative research a researcher investigates phenomena that leads itself to precise measurement and quantification, and often involves a rigorous and controlled design (Polit & Beck, 2022). So when you think of this design using precise measurement think of statistical data or numbers to describe quantitative design. When you think about rigorous and controlled design think about experimental or non-experimental research. If you want to divide this further say you decided to do an experimental study as you form your research question this will guide you to a certain design but anyway there are other studies under experimental such as Randomized Controlled Trials and quasi-experimental design. Non- experimental designs consist of descriptive research and correlational studies as well as cross-sectional, and longitudinal which are considered time dimension designs. Now let’s discuss the terms used in quantitative research. When investigating we look at concepts, constructs, variables. A variable is an attribute that varies, that is, takes on different values (e.g., heart rate, anxiety)” (Polit & Beck, 2022, p. 403). A variable can be dependent (behavior, characteristic) or independent (cause of or influence on the dependent. Qualitative research according to Polit and Beck (2022) is the “investigation of phenomena in a in-depth and holistic fashion, through the collection of rich narrative materials using a flexible research design” (p. 396). Research done under a qualitative framework would consist of Ethnography, Phenomenology, Hermeneutics, Grounded Theory, and Historical Analysis. Instead of statistics like in quantitative research, qualitative uses narrative data where the researcher analyzes patterns and themes.Please review the article ” Parents’ Use of Praise and Criticism in a Sample of Young Children Seeking Mental Health Services” in your Polit and Beck text pages 331-332 Appendix A (only the first two pages).Discuss what research method and design was used and if it supports the research questions.Please review the article “Posttraumatic Growth After Birth Trauma: I Was Broken. Now I Am Unbreakable” in your Polit and Beck text pages 340-341. Appendix B (only the first two pages).Discuss what research method and design was used and if it supports the research purpose.Which method of research (Quantitative or Qualitative) and which research design under that specific method would you use to answer your PICO question? Please provide details.
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Chapter 2
Understanding Key Concepts
and Steps in Quantitative and
Qualitative Research
Test Yourself!
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
Independent and Dependent Variables (IV vs.
DV)
• In the following 5 questions for quantitative studies,
identify the underlined component as either the:
– IV (the Independent Variable, Influence, Cause) or
– DV (the Dependent Variable, Outcome, or Effect)
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
IV versus DV #1
• 1. What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a
teenager’s emotional well-being?
– IV (Independent variable)
– DV (Dependent variable)
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
IV versus DV #2
• 2. Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery,
does a relaxation intervention reduce pain levels?
– IV (Independent variable)
– DV (Dependent variable)
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
IV versus DV #3
• 3. Among nurses on medical-surgical units, are lower
amounts of daily sleep associated with a higher
incidence of medication errors?
– IV (Independent variable)
– DV (Dependent variable)
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
IV versus DV #4
• 4. In school-aged children with asthma, is anger a
trigger for an asthmatic attack?
– IV (Independent variable)
– DV (Dependent variable)
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
IV versus DV #5
• 5. Do male versus female patients with schizophrenia
differ with regard to medication compliance?
– IV (Independent variable)
– DV (Dependent variable)
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
IV versus DV #6
• 1. What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a
teenager’s emotional well-being?
– ANSWER: IV (Independent variable)
– The question concerns the effect of the diagnosis (the
influence or cause) on teenagers’ emotional well-being
(the outcome or effect—the DV).
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
IV versus DV #7
• 2. Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery, does
a relaxation intervention reduce pain levels?
– ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
– The question concerns the effect of the relaxation
intervention (the cause or influence—the IV) on surgical
patients’ pain levels (the outcome or effect).
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
IV versus DV #8
• 3. Among nurses on medical-surgical units, are lower
amounts of daily sleep associated with a higher incidence
of medication errors?
– ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
– The question concerns the effect of amounts of daily
sleep (the cause or influence—the IV) on medication
errors (the outcome or effect).
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
IV versus DV #9
• 4. In school-aged children with asthma, is anger a trigger
for an asthmatic attack?
– ANSWER: IV (Independent variable)
– The question concerns the effect of children’s anger (the
cause or influence—the IV) on the onset of an asthmatic
attack (the outcome or effect).
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
IV versus DV #10
• 5. Do male versus female patients with schizophrenia
differ with regard to medication compliance?
– ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
– The question concerns the effect of gender (the
influence—the IV) on medication compliance (the
outcome or effect).
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Test Your Knowledge:
Independent vs. Dependent Variables
• So for this test:
– IV, DV, DV, IV, DV
• How many got all 5 right?
Congratulations!!!
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved.
Module 4 Worksheet
Quantitative Research Methods
Quantitative research is the “investigation of phenomena that lend themselves to precise measurement and quantification, often
involving a rigorous and controlled design and statistical analysis of data” (Polit and Beck, 2022, p. 396).
Directions: Please fill out this table for your own reference and to help answer module four’s discussion question.
Design
Description
Experimental (other designs
under this heading RCT,
Pretest-posttest, crossover)
Quasi-Experimental
Nonexperimental/Observational
(other designs under this
heading Descriptive,
Correlational, Cohort,
Retrospective, Case-control)
Cross-Sectional (Time
Dimension)
Longitudinal (Time Dimension)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative research is the “investigation of phenomena typically in an in-depth, and holistic fashion, through the collection of rich
narrative materials using a flexible research design” (Polit and Beck, 2022, p. 396).
Directions: Please fill out this table for your own reference and to help answer module four’s discussion question.
Traditions/Designs
Ethnography
Phenomenology
Grounded Theory
Case Studies
Narrative Analysis
Descriptive Qualitative
Critical Theory
Feminist Research
Participatory Action
Research
Description
Strengths
Weaknesses
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