Description
Minimum Requirements for this 2 page summary:
-Cover Page (see example annotation)
-Citation at the top:
Butler, J. (1988). Performative acts and gender constitution: An essay in phenomenology and feminist theory. Theatre Journal,40(4), 519-531.
-Introduce the article
-3 cited quotations that stood out to you, what did the text say that you found insightful or important
-What did you learn?
1 Point- if any of the above components are missing
0 Points- You don’t turn anything in, no late assignments
Quote to pay attention to:
“In this sense, gender is in no way a stable identity or locus of agency from which various acts proceede; rather, it is an identity tenuously constituted in time -an identity instituted through a stylized repetition” (p. 519).
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1
CMST 1700 Nature of Theory
APA Citation Unpacking the Basics
EVERY In Text Citation must have these THREE components.
•
•
•
Author(s) Name(s)
Year of Publication
Page Number
Option 1- Set Ups
Option 1 is great for setting up the articles you choose to use in your papers. It provides the reader with all the
pertinent information as well as the required information for a proper APA citation.
For an example lets say I’m working on a lecture about theory and I remember a quote about theory that would
be useful:
You can’t live in the world without an idea of the world, but it’s living that makes the ideas. You
can’t wait for a theory, but you have to have a theory.
The first thing to do is locate the text. I own a copy of this play, it is absolutely my most favorite piece of
literature ever written (it has been stated that it is the most prolific piece of literature written in the 20th century),
and because I am a huge nerd, I have tactile read the piece (several dozen times if I’m being honest) and am
able to find the quote fairly easily.
I format the quote by noting the page number AND then I immediately create an APA reference citation (see
top of page 3):
“You can’t live in the world without an idea of the world, but it’s living that makes the ideas. You can’t wait for
a theory, but you have to have a theory” (p. 144).
Kushner, T. (1993). Angels in America: A gay fantasia on national themes. New York: Theatre
Communications Group.
Setting up a quotation requires adding the authors name, year of publication, and other important identifying
information like that this was a play a rather significant one actually:
Kushner (1993) wrote in his prolific masterpiece Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National
Themes, “You can’t live in the world without an idea of the world, but it’s living that makes the ideas. You
can’t wait for a theory, but you have to have a theory” (p. 144).
Option 1 works well to set up quotes you choose to cite throughout your papers. It allows you to be precise,
name the significance of the piece, the author, or the quotation itself. It also allows the reader to be able to
locate the work should they want to read and learn more on the subject.
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Option 2- Additional quotes from the same text
Let’s say that as I continue to expand on Kushner’s work and I think of another quote from his piece that would
help make another necessary point:
Nothing’s lost forever. In this world there is a kind of painful progress. Longing for what we’ve
left behind, and dreaming ahead.
Stylistically I could format the quotation differently because I already introduced the author and the piece.
Using additional portions of the text I can expand my arguments or review of the literature.
When examining how theory is applied to living life, Angels In America provides a melancholic yet empowered
notion capturing what it feels like living in a world that is rapidly changing. “Nothing’s lost forever. In this
world there is a kind of painful progress. Longing for what we’ve left behind, and dreaming ahead” (Kushner,
1993, p. 142). The text allows for the reader to further distinguish between the notion of theory and praxis;
theory being ideas about living in the world, while praxis is the action of living.
Properly citing the selected quote using Option 2 gives you the ability to stylistically engage with the material in
a way that isn’t focused on setting it up.
Option 3- Long Quotation
When you conduct research and locate a beautiful quote that perfectly argues an important point you are trying
to make. For all quotes that are over 40 words you will utilize a block quotation:
As the characters trudge through the realities of a modern plague, living life while dying the
simultaneous and dichotomous juxtaposition of theory and praxis
Together we organize the world for ourselves, or at least we organize our understanding of it; we reflect
it, refract it, criticize it, grieve over its savagery and help each other to discern, amidst the gathering
dark, paths of resistance, pockets of peace and places from whence hope may be plausibly expected.
(Kushner, 1993, p.155)
Number of Authors
• One author:
o (Field, 2005)
• Two authors:
o (Gass & Varonis, 1984)
• Three to five authors:
o First citation requires: (Tremblay, Richer, Lachance, & Cote, 2010)
o Subsequent citations: (Tremblay et al., 2010)
• Six or more authors:
o (Norris-Shortle et al., 2006)
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Works Cited
Kushner, T. (1993). Angels in America: A gay fantasia on national themes. New York:
Theatre Communications Group.
Your Works Cited sheet needs to have the following components:
• Needs to be in alpha order
• Double Spaced
• Subsequent lines are indented
IMPORTANT WARNING- DO NOT RELY ON CITATION GENERATORS. LEARN HOW TO
PROPERLY CITE EACH TYPE OF TEXT. If you cannot memorize them, then create or find a cheat
sheet that is accurate and reliable, and have it handy so you can be consistent, and more importantly
precise. Academic Dishonesty is not predicated on if you intended to plagiarize, the focus of the inquiry
will be did you plagiarize. This is incredibly important. Works Cited sections are often patched together
in states of panic when work is done last minute.
Video Resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JobZQoQiszk
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE
1
Kushner, T. (1993). Angels in America: A gay fantasia on national themes. New York:
Theatre Communications Group.
In the prolific masterpiece Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National
Themes playwright Kushner (1993) wrote, “You can’t live in the world without an idea
of the world, but it’s living that makes the ideas. You can’t wait for a theory, but you
have to have a theory” (p. 144). The incredibly dense play is typically performed over
the course of two evenings is postmodern and critical to say the least; the typical two- and
half-hour blocks standard for Broadway productions are performed each night. The play
situates the real life of Roy Cohn among six other fictional characters in 1985-1986 in
AIDS ravaged New York. The piece provides a significant deconstruction of Reagan
Neo-Conservative politics, liberal activism, a thorough look at the history of the Mormon
Church, mental illness, religion, forgiveness, and feminism to name a few of the central
themes.
This play is important when examining the connection between theory and praxis,
answering the central question how does the text set up and explore the differences
between the two?
When examining how theory is applied to the praxis of living, Angels In America
captures life in a rapidly changing world living and dying through a plague. Kushner sets
up an epic paradigm shift and for the first time frames the notion of someone living with
AIDS. “Nothing’s lost forever. In this world there is a kind of painful progress.
Longing for what we’ve left behind, and dreaming ahead” (Kushner, 1993, p. 142). The
text allows for the reader to distinguish between the notion of theory and praxis; theory
being ideas about living in the world, while praxis is the action or summation of the
actions of the living.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE
2
As the characters trudge through the realities of a modern plague, living life while
dying, the audience is asked to weigh simultaneous and dichotomous juxtaposition of
theory and praxis,
Together we organize the world for ourselves, or at least we organize our
understanding of it; we reflect it, refract it, criticize it, grieve over its savagery
and help each other to discern, amidst the gathering dark, paths of resistance,
pockets of peace and places from whence hope may be plausibly expected.
(Kushner, 1993, p.155)
Kushner empowers the audience to consider residing in a liminal space, the small
doorframe between theory and praxis. A space where one can consider inherited
histories, contextualize problematics, deconstruct nuance while negotiating hostile
dehumanizing institutions, navigating choice, and residing and relying on communities.
The play as text (theory), and the play as production (praxis) introduced the idea that
people afflicted with AIDS were people, and people living with AIDS were living With
AIDS; as were we all.
When theory is performed in praxis it poetically transforms to take on new life as
it did in the HBO Miniseries (2003) of the same name. Actress Meryl Streep played:
Hannah Pitt, Ethel Rosenberg, The Rabbi, The Continental Principality Oceania would go
onto summarize the intersection of theory and praxis by saying of Tony Kushner, “the
bravest thing in the world is that writer that sits alone in a room and works out his grief,
his rage, his imagination, and his deep desire to make people laugh, and he makes a work
of art that then transforms the world, with the truth, because that’s all we want, that’s all
we need.”
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE
3
Works Cited
Costas, C. (Producer). Nichols, M. (Director). (2003). Angels In America. New York,
NY: HBO Video.
Kushner, T. (1993). Angels in America: A gay fantasia on national themes. New York:
Theatre Communications Group.
Mischer, D. (Producer). (2004, September 19). 56th Prime Time Emmy Awards. Los
Angeles, CA.
Annotated Bibliographies
Summarize the source based on the question “what does the field of Communication
Studies say about…”
What are the main arguments, thesis, findings?
If someone asked what this article is about, how would you explain it to them?
Every article is different so focus on explaining why this article helps you situate the
research. Outline the method, and provide details about the study.
o
o
o
o
o
crucial historical information
operational definitions
information that currently situates the article
important context about the article
important facts or data; statistical information, qualitative information, critical
claims
o use quotes to justify your summary
Be sure to only cite the authors. There are no secondary citations allowed in this paper.
If you like a quote from the literature review by another author you need to find the
citation in the workds cited and locate the article. Tactile read it so you are properly
citing the atricle. If you
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE
4
What to Look for:
The research question for my fictional paper was, “what does the field of Communication
Studies say about putting theory to practice?” Notice my use of the phrase “this work” as
opposed to “I think…” Do not use “I” you are sumarizing and synthesizing a research
article.
The Text
Action
The author*
focused on
The research
found
The study
showed
*These might be plural, be as accurate as possible.
Explain what they did
2 Page Synthesis, 5 Paragraph Structural Outline
Paragraph #1- Introduction
Introduce the article: name it, name the authors- last names only (no need for first names), it is a
strong choice to put the thesis of the article here. This helps lay the foundation of your synthesis
right off the bat.
Paragraph #2- First Quote
Set up the quote. “Give me the quote” (Last name, Year, pp#). Explain the quote. (Repeat)
Paragraph #3- Second Quote tell me what it means
Paragraph #4- Third Quote tell me what it means
Paragraph #5- Conclusion, restate your main point and throw in a few sentences about what you
learned
Things to Consider
• in a 2-page synthesis, you do not have room for fluff; this isn’t creative writing eloquent
prose isn’t the goal, the goal here is to be direct and accurate
• if you don’t know which quotes to choose here is a list of informational pieces that you might
want to consider focusing on:
o thesis sentence
o operational definitions, key terms, vocabulary words
o historical/foundational information
o theories used in the research
o key findings
o conclusions and considerations for future research
o quotations that blew you away, that scrambled your world view, a brilliant thought
that made you pause
• remember the point of this synthesis is for you to be able to discuss the article using the text
of the article
• in this class we use the language of the article to discuss the article, I want to be very clear
about this next part so there is no confusion. I am not interested in if you like, or do not like
the readings, films, or podcasts. This is not a restaurant, these papers are not Yelp reviews.
This a serious college course that you are paying $7500 for, if not accruing massive amounts
of debt to take.
• APA if you are new to APA and do not know the format remember the simple formulaSet up the quote. “Give me the quote” (Last name, Year, pp#). Explain the quote.
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