Description
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Name:
CASE B: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE TEMPLATE
Please erase ?, …, and ___ – Please use a different color that black for your answers!!!!!!!
1. Descriptive epidemiology involves …
2. A population is …
3. Measures of frequency include …
Measures of association report …
Measures of impact assess …
4. A ratio represents …
The proportion…
The rate … The rate is generally expressed as …
e.g for #5 – Ratio of heaty attacks – 75/25 = 3:1 or men have 3 …
5. Ratio of heart attacks – ?/? = ?, or men have _______ times the number of heart attacks
in this population;
Proportion of heart attacks in men ?/? = ? or = ?%, or ___ percent of the heart attacks in
this sample occur among men;
Heart attack rate ?/? × ? = ? per ?. Therefore, the rate of heart attacks among men is ? per
?.
6. Ratio white to black of females – There are ? / ? = ? times as many white women age 20
years and older with diabetes compared with black women in the same age group.
It tells you …
It doesn’t tell you …
7. Proportion – ?/? = ?,
It tells you …
It does not tell / allow you to compare the ______________ risk of white versus black
women
8. White women have a rate of (?/?) × ? = ? per 100 and black women have a rate of (?/?) ×
? = ? per 100.
Comparison – ? /? = ?. (hint divide 2 rates from above) Black women have ___ times the
rate of diabetes as white women.
9. Ratio of hypertension among Whites vs Blacks – ?/? = ? times as much hypertension in
whites versus blacks,
The proportion of Hypertension in White males – ?/? = ? of the white males have
hypertension.
Rates are (?/?) × ? = ? per ? among whites, and ?/? × ? = ? per ? among blacks
relative risk of ?/? = ?, or blacks have ____ times the prevalence rate of hypertension as
whites.
10. Incidence measures …
Prevalence measures …
The difference between point prevalence and period prevalence is …
11. Incidence rates can be used for …
Prevalence rates can be used for …
12. See Exhibit B.3. – Fill in values for highlighted portion of the table
Exhibit B.3 Number of US Residents (in thousands) with Five Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Smoking
prevalence1
Obesity (>=30
BMI)2
Cholesterol
>200mg/d2
High blood
pressure2
Diabetes mellitus2
Prevalence (in millions)
Prevalence rate (per 100)
White
White
Black
Black
White
White
Black
Males
Females Males
Females Males
Females
Males
17.0
15.3
3.0
2.3
30.9
34.0
5.3
9.2
32.6
40.0
4.2
5.3
44.4
39.6
8.3
9.0
13.0
9.5
2.3
2.7
13. Cumulative incidence refers to …
Incidence rate refers to …
Incidence density refers to ….
14. Please read Page 267 – 275 – Cumulative five-year incidence rate of Heart Disease
among coffee drinkers (Group 1)- (? / ?) × ? = ? cases per ? persons
15. Please read Page 267 – 275 – Cumulative five-year incidence rate of Heart Disease
among non-coffee drinkers (Group 2) – (? / ?) × ? = ? per ? persons
16. 90 persons, each at risk for all 5 years and didn’t get HD, so 90 × 5 = 450 patient-years
(E.G)
5 persons, each at risk for 3 years before developing HD, so ? × ? = ? patient-years
Black
Females
5 persons, each at risk for 4 years before developing HD, so ? × ? = ? patient-years
5 persons, each at risk for 2 years before leaving study, so ? × ? = ? patient-years
5 persons, each at risk for 4 years before dying so ? × ? = ? patient-years
Total person years = 450 + ? + ? + ? + ? = ? patient-years
17. 100 persons, each at risk for all 5 years and didn’t get HD, so 100 × 5 = 500 patient-years
(E.G.)
2 persons, each at risk for 1 year before developing HD, so ? × ? = ? patient-years
2 persons, each at risk for 2 years before developing HD, so ? × ? = ? patient-years
2 persons, each at risk for 4 years before leaving study, so ? × ? = ? patient-years
2 persons, each at risk for 3 years before dying, so ? × ? = ? patient-years
Total person years = 500 + ? + ? +? + ? = ? person-years
18. Incidence Density Rate for Coffee Drinkers. (# new cases / total person-years) × 100) = (?
/?) × ? = ? cases per ? person-years
19. Incidence Density Rate for Coffee Drinkers – (? /?) × ? = ? cases per ? person-years
20. Cumulative Incidence – Incidence of HD in coffee drinkers / Incidence of Heart Disease
(HD) in non–coffee drinkers = ? / ? = ? so coffee drinkers are ? times more likely to get
HD than non–coffee drinkers
21. Cumulative Incidence Density – Incidence density of HD in coffee drinkers / Incidence
density of HD in non–coffee drinkers = ? / ? = ? so coffee drinkers are ? times more likely
to get HD than non–coffee drinkers
22. See Exhibit B.4
Prevalence rates:
E.G white males 2210 / 92,100 × 1000 = 24 per 1000;
white females: ? /? × ? = ? per ?;
black males: ? / ? × ? = ? per ?;
black females: ? /? × ? = ? per ?.
Incidence rates:
white males; ? /? × ? = ? per ?;
white females: ? / ? × ? = ? per ?;
black males: ? /? × ? = ? per ?;
black females: ? / ? × ? = ? per ?.
If we reorganize the formula prevalence (P) = incidence (I) × duration, we demonstrate
that the ratio of prevalence to incidence equals duration. This gives us some idea of the
average duration with the disease assuming a steady state system:
white males: ? years;
white females: ? years;
black males: ? years;
black females: ? years.
Fill in values for highlighted portion of the table using calculations from above
Exhibit B.4 Number of US Residents (in Thousands) with Prevalent or Incident Strok
Number of US Residents (in
Rate (per 1,000)
Thousands)
White White
Black Black
White
White
Black
Black
Males Females Males Females Males
Females Males
Females
Prevalent
2210
2395
437
612
Stroke
Incident
325
365
45
60
Stroke
Source: Go et al. (2013)
23. New Incidence Rates:
e.G. White males: 325,000 / (92,100000 – 2210000) × 1000 = 3.61 per 1000;
white females: ? / (? – ?) × ? = ? per ?;
black males: ? / (? – ?) × ? = ? per ?;
black females: ? / (? – ?) × ? = ? per ?.
The rates …
24. Numerator issues include …
Denominator issues include …
The time period must be …
25. Read 275 – 280
Relative Risk is …..
Men: ? / ? = ?
women ? / ? = ?
26. Men: ? – ? = ? per ?, this means that ? per ? cases of CVD among men can be attributed
to MS; .
Women: ? – ? = ? per ?, this means that ? per ? cases of CVD among women can be
attributed to MS.
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
