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Please write two discussion replies. 250 words each in APA format with at least two peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.)All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible. attached you will the discussion replies
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Jeanie Discussion reply 1
Discuss the concept of personhood as used in the nursing as caring theory.
The nursing as caring theory was formulated or created by Anne Boykin and Savina
Schoenhofer. The theory highlights that caring is the end rather than the means of
nursing and that caring is the intention of nursing and not just another instrument or
service (Alligood, 2017). The theorists recognized that nursing was not only concerned
with health but rather the holistic well-being and the broad spectrum of human living.
Personhood is an important element of this nursing as caring theory; the theory
recognizes that the purpose of nursing is to nurture human beings living and growing in
caring. The theorists posit that “Caring is expressed in nursing and is the intentional and
authentic presence of the nurse with another who is recognized as living in caring and
growing in caring” (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001, p. 24).
The fundamental assumption in this theory is that all people are caring. Additionally,
personhood is recognized as the process of living that is grounded in caring and it
recognizes that human beings are unique and for personhood to be present, the
individual and the nurse must remain genuine and authentic (Alligood, 2017). When
nurses are their own authentic selves, they can formulate a strong therapeutic alliance
with the patient and work collaboratively to ensure that they offer the best quality of
nursing care. Personhood implies that individuals have the ability to live and grow in
caring and the concept of personhood further indicates that there is an alignment
between the patient’s beliefs and behaviors. Personhood can be enhanced by indulging
in healthy and nurturing relationships with other individuals who are caring and
authentic.
Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) can apply these theoretical constructs to
enhance the overall quality of patient care. For example, APRNs are expected to cater to
the healthcare needs of patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, by applying the
concept of personhood, the APRN will ensure that she provides high-quality nursing care
that is respectful, sensitive, and aligns with the patient’s healthcare needs and cultural
beliefs and values (Kwame & Petrucka, 2021). In addition to this, the APRN can also
utilize this theory in practice when interacting with patients at any given time. The
concept of personhood encourages nurses to recognize the uniqueness of each
individual and also recognizes that nurturing relationships are vital in ensuring that the
patient grows in caring (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001). The APRN can build a healthy
therapeutic relationship with the patient; this therapeutic alliance will ensure that the
patient feels safe and trusts the healthcare provider. Also, the APRN will maintain a
genuine concern for the patient’s health and well-being, and the relationship will
encourage the patient and the nurse to share their lived experiences and this will further
strengthen their relationship.
Personhood focuses on the patient’s holistic needs. The APRN can work in collaboration
with the patient and other healthcare providers to ensure that the patient’s physical,
emotional, psychological, social, and mental health needs are met (Kwame & Petrucka,
2021). Personhood also focuses on treating each individual with respect and dignity;
therefore, when interacting with patients, the APRN must remain respectful and
sensitive (Kwame & Petrucka, 2021). For instance, when caring for a transgender male
patient, the APRN must remain vigilant in acknowledging and respecting the patient’s
preferred pronouns. Also, the APRN should be understanding and empathetic since this
will make the patient feel valued. The APRN should understand that each patient is
unique and should be treated as such.
References
Alligood, M. R. (2017). Nursing theorists and their work-e-book. Elsevier Health
Sciences.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. (2001). Nursing as caring: A model for transforming
practice. Jones And Bartlett Publishers.
Kwame, A., & Petrucka, P. M. (2021). A literature-based study of patient-centered care
and communication in nurse-patient interactions: Barriers, facilitators, and the way
forward. BMC Nursing, 20(1), 1-10.
Marion Discussion Reply 2
Personhood and Caring Theory
The concept of personhood is not new in nursing. According to Sofronas et al.
(2018), personhood is considered as a person’s capacity for personal agency and the
need for all human beings to act on their own behalf. As a theory in nursing practice,
there are various factors that are conferred when talking about personhood, including:
human nature, self-awareness, the possession of rights and duties, notion of past and
future, and agency. In other words, these factors focus on a person’s ability to be
independent and self-aware of their own well-being. The concept emphasize on the
human’s normative status and having the qualities that confer distinct individuality. As
such, when considering the concept of personhood in nursing practice, emphasis is on
whether individuals are able to make decisions independently and individually.
In nursing, one of the most important aspects of practice is clinical decisionmaking. According to Schwan (2022), every practitioner has an ethical obligation to
consider individuality or personhood of the client when making decisions. This also
applies when implementing evidence-based practice, as patient preference is considered
an important part of the nursing care process. Considering patient preference entails
understanding that patients are experts for their own lives respectively. As such,
practitioners are expected to respect the ability of the patients to make decisions
independently when appropriate (Schwan, 2022). The role of each and all practitioners is
to ensure that they provide their professional expertise and direction to the patients,
while respecting the independence and dignity of the patients. This demonstrates why
personhood is key to advanced nursing practice. The clinical decision-making process is
fully pegged on the patient’s self-awareness, their understanding of self, and their ability
to understand their situation.
The Caring Theory by Watson perfectly explains and integrates the concept of
personhood into nursing practice. According to Watson (1997), the core concept or
understanding related to Caring Theory is that “humans cannot be treated as objects and
that humans cannot be separated from self, other, nature, and larger workforce.” Based
on this understanding, nursing practice emphasizes on the interpersonal process that
exist between the care process and clinical practice. For instance, when providing care to
patients, the theory of caring indicates that practitioners should understand that patients
cannot be separated from self. As such, they must respect the patients’ preference, their
human dignity, perceive them as leaders in their care process, and believe that they are
experts for their own lives. By considering these factors in the care process, practitioners
demonstrate their respect for patients’ personhood and the understanding that patients
have a sense of personal agency and self-awareness that is integral in the clinical
decision-making process.
In conclusion, the concept of personhood is integral and central to the care
process. Through an understanding of the caring theory, patients cannot be separated
from self. They understand their values, beliefs, and behaviors more than the
practitioners. As such, when making critical clinical decisions, patients’ preferences are
integral in ensuring the decisions made are effectively implemented in nursing practice
accentuating the importance of the concept of personhood.
References
Schwan, B. (2022). Sovereignty, authenticity and the patient preference
predictor. Journal of Medical Ethics, 48(5), 311312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2022-108292Links to an external site.
Sofronas, M., Wright, D. K., & Carnevale, F. A. (2018, October). Personhood: An
evolutionary concept analysis for nursing ethics, theory, practice, and research.
In Nursing Forum (Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 406-415). https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12267Links
to an external site.
Watson, J. (1997). The theory of human caring: Retrospective and prospective. Nursing
science quarterly, 10(1), 49-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/089431849701000114Links to
an external site.
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