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4 days agoUser’s profile pictureSAUD ABU SALIM
Discussion “Show Me the Money”
COLLAPSE
Show Me the Money should employ a combination of behavior approach and a result
approach to measure performance. Behavioral approach will make the company understand
the employees and manage the working patterns with regard to performance assessment. An
emphasis on employee satisfaction, span of control and turnover rate. Show money will be
able to accurately and attain reliability in evaluating the performance of the
employees .Managers will be able to understand the employees and in a better way maintain a
record of the employees to ease communication in workers and management (Adams, 2019).
Accounting managers will also be able to understand the needs and motivational channels of
their junior workers leading to productivity. A key aspect of the approach that should be
monitored include: the volume of data required to monitor the Show Me the Money. The
company will be better informed on the decisions to move forward with regard to new and
existing workers. It would be critical for the managers to remember to look at the
performance related data and facts at the same time.
The behavior performance approach should be implemented together with the result approach
that would compensate for its downsides. An approach that identifies and evaluates the
specific objectives that have to be achieved by the company (Lai, 2020). In reference to the
accounting executive job it would be ideal since it does not take a lot of time, less costly and
information collected to be oriented. It is a unique tool that support the behavioral approach
to ensure that the company operates within the set parameters. Accounting executives Show
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me Money are monitored based on their performance and the results. In way based on the
results of the company annually or bi-annually the performance accounting is a way of
motivating and improving since it triggers a rewarding system. The accounting executives
work under minimum supervision and monitoring based on their duties and tasks assigned is
used to give the best approach. The job descriptions that apply to the accounting executive
job include: keeping better relationships with the customer by carrying out customer analysis,
develop new market outreach, develop new products that fit the market demand. Keeping the
host processing mechanism, scheduling and making the clients calls that require urgent need
of the services. A combination of the result approach and behavior performance approach
lays ground for competiveness and pulling a talented pool resourceful accounting executives
to the market space.
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Reference
Adams, R. V., & Blair, E. (2019). Impact of time management behaviors on undergraduate
engineering students’ performance. Sage Open, 9(1), 2158244018824506.
Lai, F. Y., Tang, H. C., Lu, S. C., Lee, Y. C., & Lin, C. C. (2020). Transformational
leadership and job performance: The mediating role of work engagement. Sage Open, 10(1),
2158244019899085.
Van Hoek, L., Paul-Dachapalli, L. A., Schultz, C. M., Maleka, M. J., & Ragadu, S. C. (2020).
Performance management, vigour, and training and development as predictors of job
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satisfaction in low-income workers. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 110.
reply 2
4 days agoUser’s profile pictureEMAD ALBISHRI
Show me The Money Case Study
COLLAPSE
The behavior approach places emphasis on the actions and behaviors exhibited by
individuals during their work, without taking into account the subsequent results or
products that arise from these behaviors. This approach might be characterized as
process-oriented, prioritizing the manner in which an employee does their tasks rather
than focusing solely on the outcomes they generate. The behavior approach is
particularly suitable in situations when the connection between behaviors and outcomes
is not readily apparent. Outcomes manifest in the remote future, and unfavorable
results are attributed to factors that lie outside the control of the individual responsible.
(Herman,. 2019).
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The results-oriented approach prioritizes the outcomes generated by personnel. The
current approach fails to take into account the manner in which employees perform
their tasks. This method primarily emphasizes outcomes such as sales, acquisition of
accounts, time spent with clients on the telephone, and amount of errors, while
disregarding staff behaviors and processes. The outcomes approach is deemed to be the
most suitable given the prevailing circumstances. The workforce exhibits proficiency in
the requisite behaviors, whereby the correlation between behaviors and outcomes is
readily apparent. Over time, there is a consistent and observable enhancement in
performance. Moreover, there exists a multitude of approaches to effectively execute the
task at hand. (Herman,. 2019).
Given the specifications outlined in the job description, it is advisable to employ a
blend of behavioral and results-oriented methodologies to evaluate the performance of
the Account Executive. The use of the behavioral approach would prove advantageous
in evaluating the Account Executive’s aptitude for establishing and overseeing
relationships with clients, proficiently communicating with clients and other relevant
parties, and remaining up-to-date with prevailing trends within the business. These
behaviors play a crucial part in the performance of the assigned function and have a
direct influence on the level of service provided and the happiness of customers. The
assessment of the Account Executive’s effectiveness in attaining specified outcomes,
such as installing customers on the host processing system, providing help during initial
payrolls, and completing necessary documentation, will be significantly influenced by
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the results approach. The capacity to generate these tangible outcomes is crucial to the
position and can be objectively assessed. (Herman,. 2019)
References
Herman, A. (2019). Performance management (4th ed.,pp137). Chicago business press
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5 days agoUser’s profile pictureABDULRAHMAN ALSOLAIMANI
Potential role of natural killer cells in controlling growth and infiltration of AIDSassociated primary effusion lymphoma cells
COLLAPSE
Introduction
Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in the immune response against microbial
infections and malignancies. Nevertheless, the precise contribution of these cells to the
process of tumor development and infiltration has to be conclusively established. Within
a span of three weeks, NOD/SCID/γcnull (NOG) mice are effectively induced with
tumors and ascites by primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells. In contrast, it has been
observed that PEL cells have the ability to generate tiny tumors when introduced into
T- and B-cell deficient NOD/SCID mice that lack NK-cells. The tumorigenicity and
organ invasion were improved by the immunosuppression of NOD/SCID mice using an
antimurine TM-β1 antibody. The development and invasion of tumors in NOG mice
were effectively suppressed by the activation of human natural killer (NK) cells. The
findings of this study indicate that natural killer (NK) cells have a substantial impact on
the proliferation and infiltration of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells. Moreover,
the activation of NK cells holds promise as a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for
targeting tumor cells or cells infected with viruses. The expeditious and effective
engraftment of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells in NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull
(NOG) mice presents a distinctive prospect for investigating the mechanisms underlying
disease development and the proliferation of malignant cells.
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Methods
The NOG and NOD/SCID mice used in this study were acquired from the Central
Institute for Experimental Animals located in Kawasaki, Japan. The experimental
procedure was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the institute.
The BCBL-1 and TY-1 cell lines underwent two washes with serum-free RPMI-1640
and were then resuspended in fresh RPMI-1640. The mice were subjected to anesthesia
using ether, and thereafter, cells were introduced into either the subcutaneous region
near the ear or the abdomen region by intraperitoneal injection. The dosages
administered were 1 × 107 cells per mouse for subcutaneous inoculation and 2 × 106
cells per animal for intraperitoneal inoculation. BCBL-1 cells were administered
through subcutaneous injection in the postauricular area or intraperitoneal injection in
the abdomen region of NOD/SCID mice, with or without prior treatment with TMβ1
antibody. Additionally, BCBL-1 cells were also implanted in NOG animals. After a
period of three weeks following the injection with PEL cells, the mice were euthanized.
Results
The NOG animals lacking T, B, and NK cells exhibited accelerated tumor growth,
significant accumulation of ascites, and infiltration of PEL cells. The BCBL-1 cell line
demonstrated a high level of efficacy in inducing substantial tumor growth (Fig. 1a,b)
and eliciting clinical manifestations indicative of imminent mortality in mice, including
piloerection, weight loss, and cachexia at the time of euthanasia. BCBL-1 and TY-1 cell
lines induced the development of substantial ascites and a minor tumor mass in the
peritoneal cavity of all animals during a period of three weeks following inoculation.
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The BCBL-1 cell line exhibited the highest efficacy in inducing the formation of
extensive ascites (Figure 1c,d), together with the manifestation of clinical symptoms
indicative of imminent mortality. The examination of tissue structure and immune
response demonstrated that tumor cells in their natural environment exhibited intact
physical characteristics and exhibited the presence of the viral gene LANA (Fig. 1e,f).
The findings of this study demonstrate that when PEL cell lines were introduced either
subcutaneously into the postauricular area or intraperitoneally into the abdominal
region of NOG mice, they exhibited a high degree of efficacy in generating substantial
tumor growth and ascites formation.
Conclusion
Natural killer cells (NK) are known to have a significant impact on tumor
development and invasion in murine models. The T and B knock-out NOD/SCID mice,
when infected with PEL cells, exhibited the development of tiny tumors and a reduced
amount of ascites. However, they were unable to penetrate the surrounding tissues. The
administration of anti-NK antibody prior to therapy resulted in an augmentation of
tumor and ascites development, as well as increased infiltration of organs. The PEL
cells, when introduced by intraperitoneal inoculation, resulted in the development of
lymphomatous effusions in the peritoneal cavity, along with the formation of a small
tumor mass and infiltration, which are of clinical significance. This animal model,
which is of therapeutic significance, has the potential to enhance our understanding and
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exploration of the underlying mechanisms involved in the proliferation and infiltration
of PEL cells.
1- Strengths of the study:
The investigation employed a xenograft mouse model of primary effusion lymphoma
(PEL), enabling the examination of PEL tumor progression and infiltration inside a
viable organism.
The study employed a range of experimental techniques to evaluate the involvement of
NK cells in regulating the growth and infiltration of PEL. These approaches included
the administration of PEL cells into mice lacking NK cells, followed by a comparison of
tumor growth and infiltration with that observed in animals possessing functional NK
cells.
The experimental procedure involved the depletion of natural killer (NK) cells from
mice, followed by an evaluation of the subsequent effects on tumor development and
infiltration.
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of introducing activated natural
killer (NK) cells into mice and evaluating their influence on tumor development and
infiltration.
In order to mitigate the influence of other immune cells on tumor development and
invasion, T and B cell-deficient mice were employed as experimental models.
To account for the potential influence of the xenograft method, non-transgenic mice
were included as a control group.
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2- Weaknesses of the study:
The research study utilized a xenograft mouse model to simulate PEL, however it
should be noted that this model does not fully replicate the characteristics of human
PEL.
The study did not evaluate the influence of natural killer (NK) cells on the viability or
programmed cell death (apoptosis) of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells.
The investigation did not evaluate the molecular pathways via which natural killer (NK)
cells regulate the proliferation and invasion of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL).
3- Limitations of the study:
The research project was conducted using a limited sample size of mice.
This study only evaluated the function of natural killer (NK) cells in a singular primary
effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell line.
The study did not evaluate the influence of natural killer (NK) cells on primary effusion
lymphoma (PEL) when antiretroviral medication is administered.
Overall, In this study, a xenograft mouse model and a range of experimental
techniques are employed to investigate the involvement of NK cells in the regulation of
PEL development and invasion. Nevertheless, there are many limitations associated
with this study. These limitations include a very limited sample size, as well as the
assessment of only a single PEL cell line. Furthermore, the influence of NK cells on PEL
in the context of antiretroviral treatment was not evaluated. Notwithstanding these
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factors, the results indicate that natural killer (NK) cells hold significant potential as a
viable target for immunotherapy in the context of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL).
Reference
Dewan, M. Z., Terunuma, H., Toi, M., Tanaka, Y., Katano, H., Deng, X., Abe, H.,
Nakasone, T., Mori, N., Sata, T., & Yamamoto, N. (2006). Potential role of natural killer
cells in controlling growth and infiltration of AIDS-associated primary effusion l
reply 4
4 days agoUser’s profile pictureSAUD ABU SALIM
Discussion 5
COLLAPSE
The Effects of Health Education on the Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance Among
High School Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia During 2023: A Quasi-experimental
Study
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Summary
Over the years antimicrobial resistance has been building up and has become a global
threat according to the World Health Organization. Word health Organization has
employed a number of strategies to curb the anti-microbial resistance with educational
awareness as the main intervention. This study examines the impact of educational
awareness on antimicrobial resistance among school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
The researchers employed a quasi -experimental design that involved 120 students and
control group of 120 students in the experimental study.
A pre and post educational intervention questionnaire under the guidance of a
professional healthcare (Almutairi, 2023). ANOVA and Pearson Chi Square test were
used to access the impact of the intervention and the p-value got set as
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