Description
I have attached all the other parts of the paper so that you know the topic and can guide yourself. Please follow instructions accordingly. Many points have been deducted before. Plagiarism less than 20%.
You are designing an executable population-based change project addressing identified practice-related problems or questions. This strongly emphasizes collaboration between advanced practice nurses and community agencies and includes working with an agency using practice data to provide answers, which are responsive to the needs of clinicians, administrators, and policy makers for improvement of programs or practices.
This section of the change project should include a discussion of key concepts.
Clarify the issue under study.
Propose solutions or interventions based on the literature review.
Compare other views on the problem and solutions.
Address the APRN role in the intervention and discuss implications for clinical practice.
Discuss the implications of your change project.
Some important things to consider and address:
Does your intervention have a clear connection to your research problem?
What are the specific methods of data collection you are going to use, such as surveys, interviews, questionnaires, or protocols?
How do you intend to analyze your results?
Provide a justification for subject selection and sampling procedure.
Describe potential limitations. Are there any practical limitations that could affect your data collection? How will you attempt to control the limitations?
How will your change project help fill gaps in understanding the research problem?
This section should be 6 pages in length, not including the cover or reference page. You must reference a minimum of 5 scholarly articles.
Use current APA format to style your paper and to cite your sources. Review the rubric for more information on how the assignment will be graded.
Points: 80
Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContent
64 to >52.48 pts
Meets Expectations
Succinctly clarifies the issue under study. Provides a brief summary of the project including main points and anticipated findings. Provides keen insight into obstacles and proposes sound, creative solutions or interventions based on the literature review findings. Expertly compares other views on the problem and solutions with detail. Uses examples to thoroughly address the FNP role in the intervention and discusses implications for clinical practice. Thoughtfully discusses the implications of the change project and its significance to the nursing profession and filling gaps in knowledge. Accurately categorizes and thoroughly explains specific methods of data collection to be used. Explains in detail how data will be analyzed and used. Provides a sound justification for subject selection and sampling procedure. Accurately and thoroughly describes potential limitations to data collection and control. Meets all of the criteria of the written assignment.
52.48 to >48.0 pts
Approaches Expectations
Provides an unclear explanation of the issue under study. Provides a brief summary of the project including main points and anticipated findings. Identifies some obstacles and proposes some solutions or interventions based on the literature review but few connections are made. Minimally compares other views on the problem and solutions. Minimally, addresses the FNP role in the intervention and discusses implications for clinical practice. Briefly discusses the implications of the change project and its significance to the nursing profession but may lack detail or specifics. Explains which methods of data collection will be used, and explains how data will be used. May be lacking analysis and accuracy in the explanation. Provides a general justification for subject selection and sampling procedure. Only briefly describes potential limitations to data collection and control. Meets most of the criteria of the written assignment.
48 to >37.76 pts
Falls Below Expectations
Provides no clarification of the issue under study. Provides little or no project summary or anticipated findings. Identifies few if any obstacles and proposes few if any solutions or interventions based on the literature review Minimal to no comparison to other views on the problem and solutions. Only suggests implications of the change project and its significance to the nursing profession or draws unreasonable conclusions. Identifies some methods of data collection to be used but may fail to explain how data will be used. Data collection methods are unsound, or unjustified for the change project. Justification for subject selection and sampling procedure may be missing or is unsound. Fails to describe potential limitations to data collection and control. Meets only a few of the criteria of the written assignment.
37.76 to >0 pts
Does Not Meet Expectations
No obstacles, opposing views, or comparisons are made to support the project. Data collection methods are not explained, analyzed, or discussed. Does not meet the assignment criteria.
64 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeOrganization
8 to >6.56 pts
Meets Expectations
Content is well written throughout. Information is well organized and clearly communicated.
6.56 to >6.0 pts
Approaches Expectations
Content is overly wordy or lacking in specific language. Information is reasonably organized and communicated.
6 to >4.72 pts
Falls Below Expectations
Content is disorganized in many places and lacks clarity.
4.72 to >0 pts
Does Not Meet Expectations
Content lacks clarity and information is disorganized. May be an outline or a list.
8 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAPA Format/Mechanics
8 to >6.56 pts
Meets Expectations
Follows all the requirements related to format, length, source citations, and layout. The assignment is free of spelling and grammatical errors.
6.56 to >6.0 pts
Approaches Expectations
Follows length requirement and most of the requirements related to format, source citations, and layout. The assignment is mostly free of spelling and grammatical errors.
6 to >4.72 pts
Falls Below Expectations
Follows most of the requirements related to format, length, source citations, and layout. The assignment contains some spelling and grammatical errors.
4.72 to >0 pts
Does Not Meet Expectations
Does not follow format, length, source citations, and layout requirements. The assignment contains many spelling and grammatical errors.
8 pts
Total Points: 80
Unformatted Attachment Preview
1
The Integrative Literature Review
Yiranda Diaz
West Coast University
NURS 691A Culminating Experience I
Instructor: Dr. Tracy Macdonald
September 23, 2023
2
The Integrative Literature Review
Sexual health education has a significant role in preventing STIs and unplanned
pregnancies among young adults. Effective reproductive health plans can offer adolescents the
proper knowledge and insights to base on when making informed decisions concerning their
reproductive health. Opening an intervention center like the OBGYN will help provide a wide
range of reproductive topics that will be age-appropriate. Moreover, the intervention aims to
bridge the existing gap in sexual health to increase abstinence and reduce incidences of unwanted
pregnancy. Various scholars have indulged in the topic to prove the effectiveness of quality
sexual health education.
Mantula et al. (2023) did their study to prove the effectiveness of inclusive sexual health
education. According to the authors, sexual well-being is a state of wholeness in aspects relating
to reproduction. Therefore, sexual health entails effective counseling and providing people with
the proper knowledge, explaining available resources related to sexuality, and addressing any
barriers that compromise knowledge acquisition. The scholars further prove that adolescents
have long been engaging in risky sexual conduct due to the unavailability of effective sexual
education.
Although youths have been accessing details related to sexuality in schools, churches, or
within their families, education has not been enough to induce the correct behavioral change.
Comprehensive sexual education entails emphasizing behold information but providing support
that motivates young adults to attain the right life skills and have appropriate attitudes.
Moreover, practical education should also focus on growth and development, appropriate sexual
behaviors, pregnancy, and health issues related to unethical sexual conduct.
3
Basically, according to Mantula et al. (2023), effective sexual education is necessary for
addressing adolescents’ well-being. Therefore, tailored education programs that offer age-related
and continuous reproductive health updates are appropriate in the contemporary adolescent
world. The education should cover broad aspects related to relationships, contraceptives, the
effects of pregnancy, the necessity of abstinence, and the responsibility of a teen to lead a moral
life. Lastly, ensuring that the education programs are related and friendly is essential while
considering these topics.
Mbizvo et al. (2023) explain that adolescents’ health education, especially about sexuality
and reproduction, is essential to development. The study’s outcomes indicate that early and
unintentional pregnancies are becoming a hot topic among adolescents. The increasing
pregnancy rates indicate that youths have been engaging in risky sex behaviors, increasing their
chances of acquiring HIV and STIs. That implies that adolescents have a high probability of
unhealthy abortions and childbirth health issues. The central contributing aspect is the lack of
comprehensive sexual education to increase their knowledge about sexual health.
The research topic entails identifying if comprehensive sexual education can reduce the
chances of these instances. The researchers imply that effective sexual education significantly
offers young adults the appropriate details about their sexual health. Moreover, education
minimizes assumptions and life skills that help adolescents enhance their decision-making
abilities to choose a proper sex life. That can help reduce the increasing rates of HIV and
unwanted pregnancies. Such an outcome supports the research topic since it helps evaluate if
effective education can reduce incidences of STDs.
Aguirre & Carrión-Yaguana (2023) comprehensively evaluated the impact of
comprehensive sex education in Ecuador. Adolescents have a promising future in the society.
4
However, many challenges, like early pregnancies and risky sexual behaviors, have been
significant among youths. The main reason is adolescents lack the necessary and timely
information about sexuality. Effective sexual and reproductive education motivates individuals
to make competent decisions about their sex lives. Poor knowledge of sexuality is one of the
significant reasons why STIs and unwanted pregnancies have become common among teens.
Adolescents do not have the correct information about contraceptives and the risks and impact of
engaging in early sexual activities.
Therefore, as the study indicates, integrating comprehensive sex education in school
programs helped reduce unwanted pregnancies in Ecuador. The unlimited benefits of sexual
education are evident, supporting the research topic. A reproduction health program that
addresses diverse aspects of sexual life to provide youths with the correct information about their
growth and the effects of early sexual activities is the best solution. That is because thorough
education provides insights on abstinence and preventing STIs.
However, providing abstinence-related education and comprehensive sex education
appears to be the best remedy. Informing adolescents about sexual engagement and
contraceptives has an unpromising future since it can be compromised. However, diverse
education provides teens with the correct information about the dangers of engaging in sexual
behaviors. Teens have the chance to identify how early pregnancies can affect their education,
parents, and career dreams. They also get to understand STIs’ effects on their reproductive
health. That helps create a knowledge base that allows adolescents to make the right decisions
about their sexual lives.
Mark & Wu (2022) indicates that sex education in America has been a major topic
among researchers and legislators. The primary reason is that teen birth has been increasing
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recently. Most of these births are unwanted and unplanned. The necessity of comprehensive sex
education is evident even with the federal government funding programs like abstinence-only sex
education to provide teens with the right tips about immoral behaviors and the value of
abstaining till marriage. Based on the study outcomes, emphasizing sex education has helped
reduce teen pregnancy by more than 2%. That implies that focusing on more individualized
education strategies can be promising. Tailoring education programs to address the diverse
causes of early pregnancy and STIs can significantly save American teens. Moreover, these
education programs can support addressing societal barriers that hinder teens from accessing the
proper and comprehensive information about sexuality.
Mohamed et al. (2023) provide an analysis of the significant causes of unwanted
pregnancies among teens. Early pregnancy has high risks of premature births or delivering
unhealthy kids. Moreover, early pregnancy increases the economic burden on parents and
introduces mental complications to adolescent mothers. Therefore, finding a remedy to this issue,
as the article implies, can help reduce the impacts and complications of early sexual engagement.
Comprehensive sexual education is the primary solution to increasing unwanted pregnancies.
According to the article, effective sexual education should provide detailed sessions about
contraceptives and making competent decisions about sexual life. Such an analysis supports the
idea that a comprehensive reproduction education would effectively address the increasing rate
of adolescents.
Agbor et al. (2021) evaluate how introducing sex education to youths at an early stage
can help reduce cases of early pregnancy. As the researcher indicates, many teens engage in
unethical behaviors due to societal and economic conditions. Moreover, these young adults lack
the knowledge to avoid STIs and unintended pregnancies. Little engagement between families
6
and children has also increased STDs and unwanted pregnancies. Therefore, comprehensive sex
education has become relevant and supportive for teens despite the challenges they are currently
experiencing. The topic of sexual education has for a long time been considered for married
people. However, these assumptions have proven ineffective, and introducing comprehensive
sexual education has indicated its necessity amongst teens. This education aims to minimize the
chances of adverse effects and STIs. The education provides awareness on enhancing life quality
and enjoying sexuality.
However, as the authors signify, a well-planned and structured education plan is the best
way to address these challenges. Many education programs have failed due to their inconsistency
and shallowness of the topic. They lack the details to inform teens about generating essential life
skills like abstinence and living a moral life. Therefore, cooperating with the correct information
in education would have a promising future for teens.
Lastly, Pires et al. (2021) explain that adolescent pregnancy is a worldwide medical issue.
The main contributing factors include poor female education and lack of knowledge. Lower
perceptions of the topic have been a significant reason why unwanted pregnancies have become
dominant today. Also, teens lack the appropriate expertise on contraceptives and engage in risky
sexual behaviors. Therefore, finding the right interventions, such as comprehensive sex
education, would limit these barriers. The research also provides insights into why adolescents
engage in sexual behavior at an early stage. The primary aspect is having older partners
introduce them to sexual activities before maturity. This information forms the foundation for an
effective education system where adolescents gain the correct information about their sexual
lives.
7
Summary of literature review
All articles in the literature review prove that early pregnancies and STIs among teens
have become a significant healthcare issue today. Many teens face major challenges due to their
introduction to sexual behaviors by their peers and older partners. Moreover, knowledge
inadequacy and a lack of a support system have contributed to these issues. Many teens lack the
proper sexual life knowledge, compromising their ability to make informed decisions. Without
the appropriate expertise, it is hard to make the right choices. Therefore, introducing a
comprehensive education system proves to be an effective remedy for addressing this challenge.
Moreover, introducing the education mechanism will reduce the burden on the advanced
practice nurse. There will be a limited burden of addressing STIs and treating premature births.
Also, the identified gaps, including the causes of significant unwanted pregnancies and why
available programs fail, provide a baseline for the nurse to develop comprehensive education
plans that help address unintended teen pregnancies. Also, the nurse will be able to advocate for
the right resources that connect adolescents with the right support system.
8
References
Agbor, P. E., Chile, O., & Ogu, E. N. (2021). Influence of Sex Education on Early Pregnancy
among Adolescent Female Students in Port Harcourt Metropolis: Implication for Students
Academic Performance. https://seahipaj.org/journals-ci/sept-2021/IJIHCR/full/IJIHCR-S2-2021.pdf
Aguirre, K., & Carrión-Yaguana, V. D. (2023). Empowering youth: the impact of comprehensive
sex education on teenage pregnancy in Ecuador (No. wp-2023-107). World Institute for
Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/Publications/Working-paper/PDF/wp2023107-empowering-youth-impact-sex-education-teenage-pregnancy-Ecuador.pdf
Mantula, F., Chauraya, Y., Danda, G., Chaibva, C. N., Ngwenya, T., Gwatiringa, C., & Chamisa,
J. A. (2023). Perspective Chapter: Sexual Health Interventions for Adolescents. In Sexual
Education Around the World-Past, Present and Future Issues. IntechOpen.
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1137866
Mark, N. D., & Wu, L. L. (2022). More comprehensive sex education reduced teen births: Quasiexperimental evidence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(8),
e2113144119.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8872707/#:~:text=A%20consistent%20fi
nding%20from%20observational,use%20(29%E2%80%9331).
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Mbizvo, M. T., Kasonda, K., Muntalima, N. C., Rosen, J. G., Inambwae, S., Namukonda, E. S.,
… & Kangale, C. (2023). Comprehensive sexuality education linked to sexual and
reproductive health services reduces early and unintended pregnancies among in-school
adolescent girls in Zambia. BMC public health, 23(1), 1-13.
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15023-0
Mohamed, S., Chipeta, M., Kamninga, T., Nthakomwa, L., Chifungo, C., Mzembe, T., … &
Madise, N. (2023). Interventions to prevent unintended pregnancies among adolescents:
A rapid overview of systematic reviews. https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs2568862/v1/050a2163-7cde-4133-8f4d-608a5ac40908.pdf?c=1679000290
Paton, D., Bullivant, S., & Soto, J. (2020). The impact of sex education mandates on teenage
pregnancy: International evidence. Health economics, 29(7), 790-807.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hec.4021
Pires, R., Araújo-Pedrosa, A., Pereira, J., & Canavarro, M. C. (2021). How Can Unintended
Pregnancies Be Prevented among Adolescents Who Engaged in Sexual Intercourse at
Earlier Ages? The Role of Female Education and Partner Age Difference. International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10631.
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10631
1
Problem Identification and Description
Problem Identification and Description
Prevention and control of Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and related conditions are
significant public health concerns and priorities. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are
mainly caused by parasites, viruses, and bacteria passed from one person to another through
semen, blood, or bodily fluids. However, apart from sexual intercourse, STIs can be transmitted
2
to infants during childbirth, pregnancy, shared needles, and blood transfusion. It is impossible to
know if someone has STIs in the early stages of the illness, even if they seem healthy. STDs and
unwanted pregnancies are common in nearly every society, affecting adults and adolescents.
Teenage pregnancy and unwanted pregnancy are increasingly affecting the livelihood of many
women, forcing young adults to become mothers earlier than desired. The clinically identified
problem in this paper is the unwanted pregnancies and contraction of STDs due to unprotected
sexual activity. This paper describes the clinical problem, target population, and significance of
the clinical intervention and health promotion.
PICOT Question
Among adolescents (P), can best sexual health education and promotion (I) compared
with no interventions (C) prevent STIs and unwanted pregnancy (O) within one year (T)?
Clinical Setting
In the United States, sexual health education is inconsistent with varying methods and
information nationwide. Education is vital in empowering young people to develop safe sex
practices. However, despite sexual health promotion activities, rates of STIs in the United States
are on the rise. The best clinical setting to address and promote sexual health and unwanted
pregnancy is the primary care unit, which is the first point of contact for millions of Americans
seeking healthcare services. The intervention initiative will be in a primary care facility with an
obstetrician-gynecologist (OBGYN) unit that deals with women and mothers. The unit provides
services related to reproductive health and women’s well-being. It encompasses health clinics
that serve pregnant women, young adolescent girls, and boys needing urgent clinical
interventions and emergencies. Thus, the OBGYN unit in primary care is the perfect clinical
setting to promote sexual health and reach both males and females seeking reproductive health.
3
OBGYN Service and Population Group
OBGYN unit offers various services for women planning pregnancy, including prenatal
care, pregnancy services, and postpartum care. It also provides services to young mothers,
monitoring baby’s health, delivery, and postpartum care. Likewise, OBGYN offers patients
services outside pregnancy, including fertility issues, preventive maintenance, gynecologic
procedures, and bleeding complications. With varied clinical specialties, adolescents can access
solutions to address female reproductive organs, both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Even
though people visit primary care with issues unrelated to health problems, unwanted pregnancy
can create more significant problems for young mothers, including psychological issues. Many
adolescent girls and young women visit the clinic seeking alternative solutions to unwanted
pregnancies, including abortion. Even though other medical conditions or complications can lead
to the termination of the pregnancies, young mothers visiting the clinic have other worrying
concerns related to STIs, particularly herpes, HPV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia.
Statement Of The Problem and Target Population
In the United States, sexual health education is inconsistent, with varying methods and
information nationwide. Education is vital in empowering young people to develop safe sex
practices (Walchonski, 2020). However, despite sexual health promotion activities, rates of STIs
in the United States are on the rise. Multiple interventions have been implemented to promote
women’s health in various settings, including promoting adolescent education to enhance sexual
health. These interventions include comprehensive sexual education, cognitive behavioral
interventions, abstinence-only education, and dyad education for parents and teenagers.
However, sexual behaviors among adolescents are influenced by various factors,
including peer pressure, individual environment, parental involvement, policy, and social
4
situations. Many schools promote abstinence-only, while others offer HIV education with a
choice of content and nuanced values. Despite the education enshrined in school and education
policy, STI rates are on the uptrend, disproportionately among teens. There is an urgent need to
successfully promote awareness to enhance understanding of the risks associated with sex and
adolescents’ reckless practices. This may require state and federal government policy to enforce
teenage reproductive health promotion. Assessing the problem’s dimension and planning
effective efforts to address it is challenging, given the magnitude of social media influence on
today’s teenagers.
Clinical Significance of the EBP Approach
According to the CDC (2021), STIs are rising, compromising national health, with over
2.5 million cases reported in 2021 for syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. WHO statistics
indicate that over 1 million new cases are reported daily worldwide. The majority are young
people between 15-34 years. Even though most STIs are treatable with antibiotics, they increase
risks for adverse events, including infertility, stillbirth, inflammatory disease, neonatal death, and
HIV infections. Increased over-the-counter prescription of antibiotics has increased resistance
from STI strains that are becoming difficult to treat (WHO, 2023). Research has shown that STIs
among college student is mainly due to a lack of knowledge and awareness of STDs
(Amirkhanzadeh et al., 2019).
Therefore, the best approach is required to overcome teenage and unwanted pregnancies.
Another research in India offers insight into misinformed young people on emergency
contraception that can resolve unwanted pregnancies (Davis et al., 2020). Evidence-Based
Practice (EBP) provides valuable information that guides interventions and policy development
for influential women’s reproductive health development. It is crucial to understand the
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effectiveness of the best sexual education approach to inform policymakers, particularly in
resource allocation and funding of school-based education. This project’s clinical significance is
applying EBP to find the best reproductive health interventions to close the knowledge gap
among young girls to reduce high cases of STIs and unwanted pregnancies.
6
References
Amirkhanzadeh Barandouzi, Z., & Cong, X. (2019). Knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases
among college students in the USA. Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care, 5(2), 7380. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/JCCNC.5.2.73
CDC (2021). Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2021.
https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2021/default.htm
Davis, P., Sarasveni, M., Krishnan, J., Bhat, L. D., & Kodali, N. K. (2020). Knowledge and
attitudes about the use of emergency contraception among college students in Tamil
Nadu, India. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 95, 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-019-0030-9
Walchonski, C. F. (2020). Best Youth Education Methods for Sexually Transmitted Infection
Prevention.
https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1974&context=etds
WHO (2023). Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
1
Project Aims, Values, and Desired Outcomes
2
Benefits
The project’s goal is to address the pressing issue of unwanted pregnancies and the spread of sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs) in our community, especially among young adults and adolescents (Albertson
et al., 2018). We hope to promote sexual health, improve access to reproductive healthcare, and ultimately
improve the well-being of individuals in our community by implementing a comprehensive intervention
in primary care facilities with obstetrician-gynecologist (OBGYN) units.
The project reduces the need for significant capital investment by leveraging existing primary care
infrastructure. This cost-effective approach allows resources to be reallocated to critical interventions and
programs. For millions of people, primary care facilities are their first point of contact for healthcare
services (Widman et al., 2018). By leveraging these existing structures, reproductive health services can
be delivered more efficiently, ensuring timely access for those in need. Individuals receive high-quality,
comprehensive reproductive healthcare services thanks to the specialized expertise of OBGYN units
within primary care facilities (Marcell et al., 2017). This targeted approach results in more effective
outcomes and improved community health.
The project to improve reproductive health in primary care settings will have a wide-ranging impact on
individuals, programs, and institutions. Individuals will experience fewer unwanted pregnancies and a
lower risk of contracting STDs as access to comprehensive reproductive healthcare services improves
(Widman et al., 2018). This will result in improved overall health and well-being. Individuals, particularly
young adults and adolescents, will be empowered to make informed decisions about their sexual health
through educational programs and access to contraception, resulting in greater autonomy and control over
their futures (Widman et al., 2018). Individuals will experience improved mental, emotional, and physical
well-being as the risks of unintended pregnancies and STDs are reduced, leading to an overall higher
quality of life (Albertson et al., 2018).
3
The project will increase the use of reproductive health services in primary care settings (Albertson et al.,
2018). To meet the needs of the community, this increased demand will necessitate the expansion and
improvement of existing programs. Participation in sexual health education programs will increase,
resulting in a more informed and aware population (Widman et al., 2018). This will almost certainly result
in the creation of more effective and targeted educational resources.
Primary care facilities with OBGYN units will improve their ability to provide comprehensive
reproductive healthcare services (Marcell et al., 2017). This could result in a general improvement in the
reputation and trustworthiness of these institutions in the community. The community will likely view
institutions involved in this project favorably because of their dedication to addressing a critical public
health issue (Albertson et al., 2018). This favorable perception may entice additional support and resources
for future initiatives. With fewer unwanted pregnancies and STD cases, the strain on the broader healthcare
system will be reduced. This includes the possibility of a decrease in the demand for emergency services
and specialized care for pregnancy-related complications.
Goals, Objectives, and Variables
The project’s goal is to reduce unwanted pregnancies and STD transmission among adolescents and young
adults by 30% in two years. This will be accomplished by implementing the strategies outlined below.
Increasing contraception use among sexually active individuals aged 15-24 by 20% will help reduce the
number of unwanted pregnancies. Increasing the percentage of people who get regular STD screenings by
25% will result in earlier diagnosis and treatment, as well as less transmission to others. Providing
comprehensive sexual education to 65% of the community’s adolescents aged 15-19 will help raise
awareness of STD prevention and treatment, as well as unwanted pregnancies.
To track the project’s success, measurable indicators such as contraceptive use rates, STD screening rates,
and the percentage of adolescents receiving sexual education will be used. Measurable indicators will
4
include contraception use rates, STD screening rates, and the proportion of adolescents who receive sexual
education. Surveys and medical records are being used to collect quantitative data on contraceptive use,
STD screening rates, and attendance at sexual education programs.
Research Impact, Desired Outcomes, and Timeline
Research Impact and Social Change:
This research initiative will make a significant contribution to our community’s overall well-being. We
hope to empower individuals with knowledge and access to essential reproductive healthcare services by
addressing the root causes of unwanted pregnancies and STD transmission. As a result, families will be
healthier, educational opportunities will be improved, and the community will be more prosperous (De
Vasconcelos et al., 2018).
Desired Outcomes
The goal of this project is to develop a comprehensive, accessible, and effective reproductive healthcare
system within primary care facilities, with the goal of lowering the number of unwanted pregnancies and
STD transmission among adolescents and young adults (Widman et al., 2018). The project focuses on
providing targeted reproductive health services to a vulnerable population, with the goal of improving
overall health outcomes. The project takes a community-centric approach, recognizing that individual
health and well-being are inextricably linked to the prosperity of the larger community.
Timeline
Months 1-3: Assess needs and form partnerships with key stakeholders.
4-6 months: Create and improve intervention protocols and educational materials.
5
Months 7-9: Implement the intervention in primary care settings and launch public awareness
campaigns.
Months 10-12: Begin data collection and analysis to track progress toward goals.
Year 2: Based on feedback and results, continuously refine and expand the program.
6
References
Albertson, K., Crouch, J. M., Udell, W., Schimmel-Bristow, A., Serrano, J., & Ahrens, K. R. (2018).
Caregiver perceived barriers to preventing unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections
among youth in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 94, 82-87.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0190740918303220
Widman, L., Nesi, J., Kamke, K., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Stewart, J. L. (2018). Technology-based
interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy among youth. Journal
of Adolescent Health, 62(6), 651-660.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1054139X18300892
Marcell, A. V., Burstein, G. R., Braverman, P., Adelman, W., Alderman, E., Breuner, C., … & Levine, D.
(2017). Sexual and reproductive health care services in the pediatric setting. Pediatrics, 140(5).
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/140/5/e20172858/37895/Sexual-and-Reproductive-HealthCare-Services-in
De Vasconcelos, S., Toskin, I., Cooper, B., Chollier, M., Stephenson, R., Blondeel, K., … & Kiarie, J.
(2018). Behaviour change techniques in brief interventions to prevent HIV, STI and unintended
pregnancies: A systematic review. PloS one, 13(9), e0204088.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204088
1
NIH Protecting Human Research Participants Reflection
Yiranda Diaz
West Coast University
Course: NURS 691A Culminating Experience I
Dr. Tracy Macdonald
September 10, 2023
2
NIH Protecting Human Research Participants Reflection
Prompt 3:
The Belmont Report Summarizes The Ethical Principles And Guidelines For Research
Involving Human Subjects. Three Core Principles Are Identified: Respect For Persons,
Beneficence, And Justice. Even Though These Principles Are Considered Equal, Prioritize
Them In Order Of Importance To You. Explain Your Decisions.
Answer
I believe the core principles outlined in The Belmont Report should be prioritized as
follows. Firstly, respect for autonomy is the most important ethical element in human subject
research. This idea highly values the autonomy and dignity of study participants. It involves
respecting everyone as an individual with unique values, views, and decision-making power.
This principle requires informed consent, allowing participants to participate or withdraw from a
study without coercion (The Belmont Report, 2020). I believe that respecting people is more than
just a matter of ethics. It is a commitment to treating every human subject with respect and
consideration, recognizing their intrinsic worth and right to self-determination in research. The
principle protection for vulnerable populations, including children and individuals with limited
decision-making capacity, to defend their rights.
Secondly, I will prioritize beneficence as my ethical human subject research. Beneficence
is essential to study participant well-being and safety. Maximizing benefits and reducing harm is
moral, emphasizing the researcher’s need to balance scientific progress with participant welfare.
This principle leads researchers to create studies that prioritize the best interests of everyone
participating, minimizing risks and bad consequences while actively finding ways to improve
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study outcomes (The Belmont Report, 2020). Prioritizing beneficence is ethical and practical, as
ethical research should benefit society while protecting human subjects. Beneficence guides
researchers toward research techniques that maximize good and minimize damage.
Justice is my third Belmont Report fundamental principle. I think it’s essential for
doing ethical research. Justice in human subject research involves the fair allocation of
advantages and obligations. It stresses the need to select study participants fairly and evenly and
share research benefits with society. Due to previous injustices, societal norms, and resource
limits, obtaining justice can be complicated and context-dependent. This principle requires
considerable thinking yet is challenging to implement.
Prompt 4:
Although You Are Not Implementing A Change Project At This Time, And You May Not
Be Directly Involved In Research As Part Of Your Professional Responsibilities, Explain
The Reasons Why You Need to Know About These Rights And Protections.
Answer
For various reasons, understanding human subject study rights and protections is essential
even when I am not currently engaging in a change project or research. Ethical awareness and
civic accountability are first. As a responsible citizen, I should know about human participant
research ethics. With this information, I can promote ethical research and participate in informed
conversations on research ethics in my community and professional circles.
Second, knowing these rights and protections helps me think critically and act ethically.
Despite not performing research, I may need to evaluate its ethical consequences or advise
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others. A basic awareness of these principles and regulations allows me to consider a research
project’s ethics and human subject protections (NIH, n.d). This understanding can also help me
assess the ethics of policy decisions or research funding allocations.
Furthermore, staying knowledgeable about human subject research rights and protections
protects
