Description
Based on what you learned this week, address the following substantive requirements:
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Module 9
HCM550
Healthcare Policy
Analysis and
Development
Instructor Name
Module 9 Learning Outcomes
1.Evaluate the relationship between research and development for health and
an effective policy commitment.
2.Examine the divisions between market-based solutions and publicly-driven
non-market solutions.
3.Evaluate the issues with policy development and creating a workable solution
for the market and non-market approaches to determining financing for
different diseases and medicines.
4.Examine health financing in relation to efficiency both globally and in Saudi
Arabia.
5.Compare and contrast funding mechanisms and the impact on health policy.
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Policy Framework
●Actor power
●Ideas
●Political environments
●Issue characteristics
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Inequalities in Urban Areas
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Additional Challenges to Urban Health
Inequalities
●Few ideas to overcome problems
●Group divergency
●Ineffective governance
●Problems framing the issue
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Relating Urban Health Findings to Policy
●The issue must receive attention
○Needs cohesive support
○Potential ideas for resolution
○Positive framing
●Must build consensus
●Data
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Global Health Networks
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Respectful Maternity Health
●Raising awareness among all stakeholders
●Expenses can be distributed in networks
●RMC started in 203 and now has over 300 global
members
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Success of RMC
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Community Pharmacy in Saudi Arabia
●Counseling
●Supports community health
●Often first point of contact
●Interaction can promote health
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Pharmacy Law in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
●Dispensing medication
●Registered pharmacists
●Review services to improve care
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Study of Pharmacy Practices
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Findings
●Counseling skills
●Counseling contents
●Counseling duration
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Sustainable Development Goals
●17 goals for member nations
●Pursuit requires strong leadership
○Governments
○Academic institutions
●Incorporation intonational policy
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
The Role of Academic Institutions
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Summary of Coalition Building with Academic
Institutions
●Build metrics
●Transcend national boundaries
●Partner with nongovernmental and governmental
entities
●Bridge disparities
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Lecture
Conclusion
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Module 9 Critical Thinking
Requirements
For this assignment you need to review: Aljassim, H. & Jradi, H. (2021). Childhood overweight and obesity among the
Saudi population: A case-control study among school children. J health population nutrition, 40(1), 15.
Through our readings in this module, we have learned there are numerous stakeholders that influence policy
development and implementation. Review the above article regarding childhood obesity in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia and analyze the impact of this policy on stakeholders.
Be sure to address the following substantive requirements:
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Specific age groups impacted by obesity.
The role of academic institutions in minimizing childhood obesity.
The impact of the policy on obesity and how it may minimize the growing concern of childhood obesity.
Any social issues concerning the implementation of policy.
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Questions
Take advantage of this opportunity
to seek further clarification.
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
Next Live Session
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HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
References
● Alshaikh, M. K., Alotair, H., Alnajjar, F., Sharaf, H., Alhafi, B., Alashgar, L., & Aljuaid, M. (2021). Cardiovascular Risk
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Factors Among Patients Infected with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Vascular health and risk management, 17, 161–168.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8071203/
Wajid, S., Siddiqui, N., Mothana, R., & Samreen, S. (2020) Prevalence and practice of unused and expired medicine –
Community-based study among Saudi adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. BioMed Research International, vol. 2020, Article
ID 6539251, 5 pages, 2020.
Trezona, A., Rowlands, G., & Nutbeam, D. (2018). Progress in implementing national policies and strategies for health
literacy—What have we learned so far? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7), 1554.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068640/
Felemban, R. M., Tashkandi, E. M., & Mohorjy, D. K. (2021). The willingness of the Saudi Arabian population to
participate in the COVID-19 vaccine trial: A case-control study. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences,
10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.03.001. Advance online publication. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8007413/
D’Souza, B. J., & Parkhurst, J. O. (2018). When “good evidence” is not enough: A case of global malaria policy
development. Global Challenges, 2(9).
HCM550 Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development
This concludes our live
session.
Thank you for your attendance!
Report
EMHJ – Vol. 26 No. 7 – 2020
Combating tobacco use in Saudi Arabia: a review of recent initiatives
Ramaiah Itumalla 1 and Badr Aldhmadi 1
Department of Health Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
1
Abstract
Background: The tobacco use epidemic is one of the major global public health challenges and causes > 7 million deaths
each year, including ~70 000 Saudis who die from smoking-related diseases.
Aims: To present recent government initiatives in Saudi Arabia that have been designed to combat tobacco use in the
country.
Methods: This was a review based on secondary data sources such as published reports, articles in newspapers, and
research studies published in various journals.
Results: We present initiatives taken from June 2017 to April 2019 by the Saudi government to combat tobacco use,
including value-added tax on tobacco, antismoking campaigns, antismoking clinics, mobile apps and other initiatives.
Conclusion: The study suggests that the government should evaluate the impact of these initiatives on tobacco control
in Saudi Arabia.
Keywords: anti-smoking campaign, anti-smoking clinics, mobile app, Saudi Arabia, tobacco
Citation: Itumalla R; Aldhmadi B. Combating tobacco use in Saudi Arabia: a review of recent initiatives. East Mediterr Health J. 2020;26(7):858–863.
https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.20.019
Received: 28/02/19; accepted: 26/11/19
Copyright © World Health Organization (WHO) 2020. Open Access. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo)
Introduction
The government of Saudi Arabia is determined to enhance the quality of preventive and therapeutic health
care services as a part of its Vision 2030. The public sector is focusing on promoting preventive care and on reducing infectious diseases in the country (1). The tobacco use epidemic, one of the world’s major public health
challenges, is resulting in more than 7 million deaths per
year according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Out of this total, more than 6 million deaths are the result of direct tobacco use, while some 890 000 deaths are
the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand
smoke (2). The prevalence of tobacco use and the dangers
posed to those users, as well as ‘second-hand smokers’, is
one of the major public health concerns in Saudi Arabia.
The control of tobacco use is imperative since the numbers of smokers and deaths from smoking in the country
are rising rapidly (3), with a reported 70 000 Saudis dying
annually from smoking-related diseases (4).
Saudi Arabia has been striving to control the use
of tobacco. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC),
tobacco control activities started in January 1979, when
Saudi Arabia presented an initial scientific proposal at
the 6th GCC Health Ministers’ Council Conference on
combating smoking in the Region. The WHO Framework
Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) has subsequently
been signed by the majority of the GCC member states,
including Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab
Emirates, with every single member state endorsing it
(5). Thus, the government of Saudi Arabia has become a
signatory of the WHO FCTC launched in May 2003, as
well as initiating its own anti-smoking campaign for the
first time in the same year.
858
All GCC member states possess a national level
agency to control tobacco use. In 2008, WHO presented
the MPOWER measures (Monitor tobacco use and
prevention policies, Protect people from tobacco smoke,
Offer help to quit tobacco use, Warn about dangers of
tobacco, Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion
and sponsorship, Raise taxes on tobacco) to GCC member
states in fulfilment of their WHO FCTC commitments.
The MPOWER measures provide useful support in the
process of implementing tobacco control initiatives
in Saudi Arabia (5). The Saudi government has banned
any marketing efforts by tobacco companies and also
launched a 6-month anti-smoking drive in May 2010 (6).
The country’s national anti-smoking committee is
working towards stricter tobacco control in Saudi Arabia,
and passed an anti-smoking law in 2015 to combat
tobacco use (7). As a result, anti-tobacco regulations
were implemented during 2016 (8) and smoking is now
prohibited in a variety of areas and public spaces, such
as mosques; ministries, government-owned factories,
public authorities and their branches; educational, health,
sports, cultural and social institutions; the work place,
such as companies and organizations; public transport;
facilities for the production and processing of food
and beverages; sites for the production, transportation
and distribution of petroleum, including fuel stations;
and warehouses, elevators and lavatories. However, if
specific areas and places are dedicated to allow smoking,
then such facilities must be set apart and access denied to
persons under 18 years of age (7).
In 2017, Saudi Arabia joined other WHO Member
States in the campaign to increase public awareness
about the dangers of tobacco use (3), and its Ministry
Report
EMHJ – Vol. 26 No. 7 – 2020
of Health allocated a sizable budget to fund the various
tobacco control programmes in the country. In this
context, the main objective of this current study is to
present the recent initiatives by Saudi Arabia in its fight
against tobacco use from 2017 to 2019.
Methods
The design of the study was a review based on secondary
data sources, which included published reports, articles
in newspapers and research studies published in various
journals. The relevant literature regarding tobacco control in Saudi Arabia was searched from three scientific
databases: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar from
January to April 2019. Key phrases such as ‘tobacco use
in Saudi Arabia’, ‘smoking in Saudi Arabia’ and ‘tobacco
control in Saudi Arabia’ were used. The main inclusion
criterion for selection was that the article had to discuss
tobacco control programmes in Saudi Arabia. Articles
that were not available in English with free full text were
excluded from the study. Table 2 provides the selected list
of studies on tobacco use in Saudi Arabia.
Results
The prevalence of tobacco use in Saudi Arabia is detailed
in the WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2017
(Table 1). The data on young people were taken from the
Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2010, and adult data from
the Saudi Health Information Survey 2014. The total
prevalence of tobacco use was 14.9% among young people, and 12.2% among adults. Moreover, the prevalence
of cigarette smoking was found to be 8.9% among young
people, whereas the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use
was 3.4%, but only 0.9% among adults in Saudi Arabia (9).
The findings of the Saudi Health Information Survey
2014 revealed that 17.2% of Saudis were exposed to secondhand smoke at home and 14.8% were exposed in the work
place. The survey also found that 14.6% of smokers were
aged 35–44 years. Moreover, the survey identified that
the prevalence of smoking increased among those aged
25–64 years, rising from 12.2% in 2005 to 15.3% in 2013
(10). Recent statistics from the Ministry of Health also
revealed that the total number of smokers in the country
had reached 5.5 million, i.e., 23% of the population (11).
Initiatives
Saudi Arabia has undertaken several initiatives to reduce
tobacco use among its population since 2017. These include sales taxes and fines, anti-smoking campaigns, es-
tablishing smoking cessation clinics, introducing related
mobile applications, among other initiatives.
Sales tax and fines
A recent policy initiative has been the implementation
of a sales tax (excise duty) on tobacco, introduced 11 June
2017, and saw 100% excise duty imposed on tobacco products in the country (12). As a result, the number of people
seeking help from smoking cessation clinics increased by
213% (13), rising to 302% during 2018 (14). The government
was also stringent with any commercial organizations violating the new anti-tobacco policies, with fines of up to
5000 Saudi riyals (US$ 1330) imposed (15). The implementation of the 100% excise duty on tobacco products also
resulted in a significant decrease in tobacco imports to
Saudi Arabia, dropping by 43.1% during 2017–2018, to 1.78
billion Saudi riyals (US$ 474 710 960). According to the
Saudi Customs Authority, the country imported tobacco
products worth 500 million Saudi riyals (US$ 133 345 775)
during the first quarter of 2019 (16).
Anti-smoking awareness campaigns
During the Islamic religious month of Ramadan in 2017,
the Ministry of Health launched an anti-smoking drive
that coincided with World No Tobacco Day (31 May), under the theme called “Help us – We will help you” (3). The
awareness campaigns served to inform smokers on how
to quit tobacco use and the help available, namely smoking cessation clinics opened across the country; training
for service providers; and provision of free anti-smoking
medication to citizens (17).
In 2019, the Ministry of Health started a campaign
to monitor the spread of tobacco use among adult men
and women in 12 800 households across the country,
and undertaken by the Saudi government’s General
Authority for Statistics under the supervision of the
World Health Organization (WHO). This survey
initiative, which is being conducted for the first time
in Saudi Arabia, is a unified international measure
to assess the prevalence of tobacco use among adult
men and women and the development of strategies to
reduce tobacco consumption (18). However, the smoking
prevention programs in the country need to reinforce
non-smoking attitudes, address how to resist pressure
to smoke, and how to develop high self-efficacy towards
non-smoking in various situations (19).
Anti-smoking clinics
Besides anti-smoking campaigns to increase the awareness among the population, the government has also fo-
Table 1 Prevalence of tobacco use in Saudi Arabia
Prevalence (%)
Total
Youth tobacco use
Adult tobacco
smoking
Youth smokeless use
Adult
smokeless use
Current tobacco use
Current
cigarette smoking
Current
Current smokeless
tobacco use
Current smokeless
tobacco use
14.9
8.9
12.2
3.4
0.9
Source: World Health Organization report on the global tobacco epidemic 2017, Country Profile: Saudi Arabia, p. 2.
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EMHJ – Vol. 26 No. 7 – 2020
Table 2 Selected list of studies on Smoking in Saudi Arabia
S.no. Author (s) and year
Study
1
Almotairi, H. M. (2012)
2
Al-Zalabani A, Kasim
K. (2015)
3
Mansour AY (2017)
4
Jradi H.(2017)
5
Algabbani AM,
Almubark R, Althumiri
N, Alqahtani A,
BinDhim N (2018)
Alrabah, M.,
Gamaleddin, I. &
Allohidan, F (2018)
Smoking in Saudi Arabia and its
control measures
Prevalence and predictors of
adolescents’ cigarette smoking in
Madinah, Saudi Arabia: a schoolbased cross-sectional study
Predictors of smoking among
Saudi dental students in Jeddah.
Awareness, practices, and barriers
regarding smoking cessation
treatment among physicians in
Saudi Arabia
The Prevalence of Cigarette
Smoking in Saudi Arabia in 2018
6
7
8
9
Awan KH, Hussain
QA, Khan S, Peeran
SW, Hamam MK, Al
Hadlaq E, Al Bagieh
H.(2018)
Alotaibi SA, Alsuliman
MA, Durgampudi PK.
(2018)
Mohammed, M.,
Eggers, S. M., Alotaiby,
F. F., de Vries, N., & de
Vries, H. (2018)
International Approaches to
Tobacco-Use Cessation Programs
and Policy for Adolescents and
Young Adults in Saudi Arabia
Accomplishments and challenges
in tobacco control endeavors–
Report from the Gulf Cooperation
Council countries.
Smoking Tobacco Prevalence
Among College Students in
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:
Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis
Reasons and motivations for
cigarette smoking and barriers
against quitting among a sample
of young people in Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
cused on providing treatment services to people affected by smoking. The Ministry of Health has established
anti-smoking clinics in different regions of the country.
The aim of these clinics is to provide therapeutic and
awareness services for the target smokers and non-smokers, highlighting anti-smoking regulations, providing
counseling and health education, as well as reducing the
overall percentage of smoking and passive smoking (17).
It was reported in 2017 that there were 160 antismoking clinics that provided free awareness services,
medical consultations and therapeutic services to
smokers of both genders in order to help them to quit
smoking. It was noteworthy that anti-smoking clinics
in health care centers and hospitals in Riyadh have
received more than 7,000 patients since the beginning of
2017 (3). The people seeking help from clinics increased
by 213 percent from July to September 2017. According
to the head of the ministry’s smoking cessation clinics,
the taxes were the most effective way to help people,
especially youths, who wanted to quit smoking (13). But,
some of the reasons for not quitting smoking, like: a) lack
of willpower, b) the other smokers around a person and c)
stress at home/work are posing challenges to the nation’s
fight against tobacco use (20).
860
There was an increase in the number of anti-smoking
clinics and the people visiting these clinics in 2018. The
Ministry of Health has activated its 262 anti-smoking
clinics and it found that the anti-smoking campaign
launched by Ministry at the beginning of last Ramadan
(2017) increased the number of visitors to anti-smoking
clinics by 321 percent (17). However, the establishment of
anti-smoking clinics has been continued in various parts
of the nation and in 2019 reached a total of 542 (18). These
clinics are run by trained medical staff to help people who
want to quit their smoking habit by providing counseling
and follow-up services as well as the free medication
initiatives already mentioned above (14). However, the
smoking cessation counseling and therapy provided by
physicians can play an important role in helping smokers
to quit smoking (21). The working hours of these clinics
are from 9 p.m. to 12 a.m. and total capacity of the patients
treated are 20 patients/per clinic. In addition to these
measures, the website of the Ministry of Health displays
anti-smoking clinics’ locations on Google Map as well
as the Anti-Smoking Clinics Directory for the public
domain. People should be able to easily find the location
of clinics and also can download clinics’ dictionary as and
when required (22). According to the Ministry of Health,
the anti-smoking clinics have helped 11,441 smokers to
give up smoking during the first half of 2019 (23).
Mobile app to catch violators of anti-smoking
regulations
mHealth, the use of mobile computing and communication technologies in health care and public health, is
a rapidly expanding area of research and practice (24).
Mobile technologies have the potential to bridge systemic gaps needed to improve access to, and use of, health
services (25). The government of Saudi Arabia has taken
the initiative to use the potential of mHealth in the battle
against smoking. The Ministry of Health has launched a
mobile application as a part of its anti-smoking drive in
the Kingdom (17). This novel initiative is very helpful for
reporting and monitoring the violations of anti-smoking
regulations such as smoking in public places, selling tobacco to the children less than 18 years of age and advertising cigarette or shisha smoking on any local television
channels. The mobile app is available for all and the violations can be informed to the concerned officials (15).
Other initiatives
Apart from the above initiatives, the Ministry of Health
has been publishing various health educational materials. They include books and pamphlets explaining the
dangers of smoking, as well as providing free medicines
to smokers who want to quit the habit (18). The Ministry
has also developed a range of awareness-raising materials via films and publishing in the mass media and social media platforms (17). The influence of friends and
parents smoking plays an important role in the increased
risk of smoking in the adolescents (26). Factors such as
gender and family influence were identified as the main
pro-smoking risk factors, while at the same time an im-
Report
proved knowledge of health risks was found to be a protective factor (27). Hence, the pro-smoking risk factors
need to be given a greater priority and could be included
in anti-smoking education programs targeting youth and
adults of the country.
Discussion
The Ministry of Health and the National Tobacco Control Committee have both been playing key roles in controlling the tobacco use with time to time policies and initiating novel programs. However, there is still a long way
to go to achieve the desired results. The tobacco control
initiatives of the government of Saudi Arabia are in line
with the World Health Organization’s MPOWER measures. As per the World Health Organization’s 2017 report
on the global tobacco epidemic, the total prevalence of tobacco use, as well as smokeless tobacco use, among youth
were found to be greater than the adults in Saudi Arabia.
Despite the robust efforts of tobacco control agencies
in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to combat smoking, in
a recent study (28), prevalence rates among youth were
found to be around 12.1% with no indications of a decline.
In a latest study, the meta-analysis results revealed that
the pooled estimate of smoking prevalence among college students in the KSA was 17% (29). Moreover, another
contemporary work on the prevalence of cigarette smoking in Saudi Arabia in 2018 found that the prevalence of
cigarette smoking was 21.4% of the population (30). In the
light of these findings, it can be argued that the prevalence of tobacco use is still high though the county has
run several anti-smoking initiatives. This is an alarming
situation facing the country’s policy makers in which
they need to reassess anti-smoking initiatives in order to
take necessary actions to effectively control the tobacco
use in the nation. The antismoking awareness programs
can focus more on youth, without neglecting the adults.
EMHJ – Vol. 26 No. 7 – 2020
The implementation of excise tax on tobacco products
has been presenting positive results in the process of
controlling tobacco use. In addition, it has become one
of the reasons to quit smoking in the country. The antismoking clinics have been playing a crucial role in the
fight against smoking in the country. The increase in
the number of anti-smoking clinics, and the number
of people using t he services provided by these clinics,
shows a positive sign towards the control of tobacco use
in the country. The introduction of a mobile app is one of
the novel initiatives by the Ministry of Health and it is
time to utilize this app in the battle against tobacco use
by increasing people’s participation.
The study, however, is subject to couple of limitations.
The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on
secondary data. It considers only the recent initiatives of
tobacco control in the country.
Conclusion
The present study has made an attempt to present the
recent initiatives of the Saudi Arabian government to
combat the use of tobacco. These initiatives include i)
increased value-added tax on tobacco, ii) the launch of
anti-smoking campaigns, iii) the establishment of anti-smoking clinics iv) introducing a mobile app and v)
other initiatives. Although there are various initiatives
undertaken by the Saudi Arabian government to reduce
tobacco use, the study suggests that the government
should evaluate the impact of these initiatives on tobacco
control in the country.
Funding: None.
Competing interests: None declared.
Lutte contre le tabagisme en Arabie saoudite : examen des initiatives récentes
Résumé
Contexte : L’épidémie de tabagisme constitue l’un des défis majeurs de santé publique à l’échelle mondiale, avec plus de
sept millions de décès par an, parmi lesquels environ 70 000 Saoudiens qui meurent chaque année de maladies liées au
tabagisme.
Objectifs : Présenter les initiatives récentes du gouvernement saoudien en matière de lutte antitabac.
Méthodes : L’étude a passé en revue les sources de données secondaires, telles que les rapports publiés et les articles
de journaux ainsi que les études de recherche parus dans différentes revues.
Résultats : Nous avons présenté les initiatives prises par le gouvernement saoudien entre juin 2017 et avril 2019 afin
de lutter contre le tabagisme, notamment la mise en place d’une taxe sur la valeur ajoutée pour tabac, l’organisation de
campagnes antitabac, l’ouverture de cliniques de sevrage tabagique et la création d’applications mobiles parmi d’autres
initiatives.
Conclusion : L’étude propose que le gouvernement examine rigoureusement l’impact de ces initiatives sur la lutte
antitabac dans le pays afin d’évaluer leur efficacité.
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EMHJ – Vol. 26 No. 7 – 2020
استعراض للمبادرات األخرية:مكافحة تعاطي التبغ يف اململكة العربية السعودية
بدر الضامدي،رامايا إتوماال
اخلالصة
ألف70 من بينهم قرابة، ماليني شخص كل عام7 إذ يتسبب يف وفاة، يعد تعاطي التبغ من أكرب التحديات أمام الصحة العامة العاملية:اخللفية
.مواطن سعودي ممن يلقون حتفهم بسبب أمراض تتعلق بالتدخني كل عام
. هتدف هذه الدراسة إىل عرض أحدث مبادرات حكومة اململكة العربية السعودية ملكافحة تعاطي التبغ داخل حدودها:األهداف
ودراسات بحثية منشورة يف جمالت، ومقاالت صحفية، بام فيها تقارير منشورة، استعرضت هذه الدراسة مصادر بيانات ثانوية:طرق البحث
PubMed : تم البحث يف األدبيات ذات الصلة املتعلقة بمكافحة التبغ يف اململكة العربية السعودية من ثالث قواعد بيانات علمية.أكاديمية خمتلفة
.2019 من يناير إىل أبريلGoogle Scholar وScopus و
ملكافحة تعاطي2019 نيسان/ إىل أبريل2017 حزيران/ استعرضت الدراسة املبادرات التي اختذهتا حكومة اململكة العربية السعودية من يونيو:النتائج
. وتطبيقات اهلاتف من بني مبادرات أخرى، وعيادات مكافحة التدخني، ومحالت مكافحة التدخني، وتشمل فرض رضيبة املبيعات عىل التبغ،التبغ
. ُيقرتح أن ُتري احلكومة تقيي ًام سلي ًام ألثر هذه املبادرات عىل مكافحة التبغ يف البلد من أجل تقييم فاعليتها:االستنتاج
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