Description
For this assessment, research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 4. To explore your chosen topic, you should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach to aid your critical thinking.
Select one of the health care problems or issues presented in the Assessment 02 resource. Write a brief overview of the selected health care problem or issue. In your overview:
Summarize the health care problem or issue.
Describe the professional relevance of this topic.
Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.
Identify peer-reviewed articles relevant to this health care issue or problem.
Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peer-reviewed literature related to the topic and describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used. You will select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the past 3–5 years that relate to your topic.
Refer to the NHS-FPX4000: Developing a Health Care Perspective Library Guide to help you locate appropriate references.
Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to select relevant articles.
Assess the credibility and explain relevance of the information sources you find.
Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal.
Determine if the publication is current.
Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant.
Analyze academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format. Provide a rationale for inclusion of each selected article. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic. In your annotated bibliography:
Identify the purpose of the article.
Summarize the information.
Provide rationale for inclusion of each article.
Include the conclusions and findings of the article.
Write your annotated bibliography in a paragraph form. The annotated bibliography should be approximately 150 words (1–3 paragraphs) in length.
List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography.
Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are double-spaced, and use hanging indents.
Summarize what you have learned while developing an annotated bibliography.
Summarize what you learned from your research in a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper.
List the main points you learned from your research.
Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they enhanced your knowledge about the topic.
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1
Applying Library Research Skills
Learner’s Name
Capella University
NHS4000: Developing a Health Care Perspective
Instructor Name
August, 2020
Copyright ©2020 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
2
Applying Library Research Skills
With the advent of new technologies and treatment methods, health care organizations
are facing many challenges. Patient safety is one such challenge that needs to be addressed not
only by health care professionals but also by other stakeholders in the business. Ensuring patient
safety is essential for providing quality health care.
As a medical transcriptionist, I am responsible for converting voice-recorded reports of
health care professionals into text. Although I am not directly involved in treating patients, any
errors that occur during the transcription process could result in inaccurate documentation of
medical data. For example, one of my colleagues documented the dosage of Lasix as 400 mg
instead of 40 mg in a discharge summary. When the health care professional who had dictated
the report reviewed it, he was able to spot the error in the dosage and correct it, which helped
prevent the patient from having a dangerous reaction to the incorrect dosage. This incident
helped me realize the importance of preparing accurate documents for ensuring patient safety
and delivering quality care. I developed a keen interest in issues relating to patient safety ever
since.
Identifying Academic Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles Using
Summon, a search engine that searches across Capella University Library’s databases, I accessed
articles that are carried by databases such as ProQuest Central and PubMed Central. I used
keywords such as “health care issues,” “patient safety,” and “quality of care” to search for peerreviewed literature relevant to patient safety. Using the advanced search option, I limited my
search to scholarly and peer-reviewed journals, choosing “journal article” as the publication type,
“medicine” and “nursing” as the subjects, and articles published within the last five years as the
publication date range.
Copyright ©2020 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
3
Assessing Credibility and Relevance of Information Sources
To ensure credibility, I selected peer-reviewed journal articles that were published within
the past five years. I made sure that the selected sources were published by authors who were
well-known in the field of health care and had extensive professional experience.
To ensure that the chosen sources of information were relevant to the topic, I confirmed
that they contained accepted facts and opinions on issues relating to patient safety and quality
care. I also checked whether each information source had a clearly defined purpose and
contained pertinent information about patient safety and quality care.
Annotated Bibliography
Kronick, R., Arnold, S., & Brady, J. (2016, August 2). Improving safety for hospitalized patients:
Much progress but many challenges remain. The JAMA Network, 316(5), 489–490.
https://jamanetwork-com.library.capella.edu/journals/jama/fullarticle/2528945 This
article provides a viewpoint on the progress that hospitals have made toward reducing
patient harm and understand the factors that have led to this progress. The authors cite
reports released by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the
National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) to analyze the occurrence of issues relating
to patient safety in hospitals. The authors hypothesize that improvement in health care
safety for hospitalized patients may have been possible because of reasons such as an
awareness of the importance of improving safety culture with evidence-based
suggestions. The authors conclude by expressing the need for finding ways to maintain or
accelerate the rate of decline in adverse events relating to patient harm. They believe that
investing in patient safety research programs and ensuring that patient safety remains a
high priority for hospital leadership teams can help reduce the number of adverse events.
Copyright ©2020 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
4
This article is relevant to patient safety because it examines evidence of reduction in
patient harms in hospitals and offers approaches to reduce such harms.
Morris, S., Otto, N. C., & Golemboski, K. (2013). Improving patient safety and healthcare
quality in the 21st century—Competencies required of future medical laboratory science
practitioners. Clinical Laboratory Science, 26(4), 200–204. https://searchproquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1530677721/fulltextPDF/CF6F9C5B900402CP
Q/1?acc ountid=27965
In this article, the authors express their concern about health care professionals,
particularly medical laboratory science (MLS) practitioners, being insufficiently trained
to achieve the five core competencies that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified in
2002. The authors discuss ways to incorporate patient safety practices and concepts in the
MLS curricula to ensure that future MLS practitioners are well-versed in the
abovementioned competencies identified by the IOM. The authors conclude that by
focusing on the aims and competencies identified by the IOM, future practitioners will be
better equipped to deal with patient safety concerns while practicing MLS. This article
was chosen because it offers a solution for dealing with patient safety issues and explains
how patient safety concepts can be incorporated in the curricula for courses pertaining to
health care, such as MLS, to enable future health care practitioners to provide effective
health care.
Parand, A., Dopson, S., Renz, A., & Vincent, C. (2014). The role of hospital managers in quality
and patient safety: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 4(9). http://dx.doi.org/
10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005055
Copyright ©2020 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
5
This article provides a systematic review of available empirical literature to understand
how health care managers are involved in delivering quality health care and ensuring
patient safety. Based on the literature review, the authors suggest that board-level
managers should spend more than 25% of their time on patient safety and quality to
ensure positive outcomes; however, most of the reviewed studies indicate that they spend
much less time than that. The authors also present a quality management input process
output (IPO) model, a framework that will help managers function effectively and
achieve health care quality and safety. The authors conclude that there is a need to make
certain changes in hospitals to ensure the active involvement of managers in quality
improvement. The article is relevant to patient safety because it discusses the role of
health care managers in influencing patient safety and quality care outcomes and also
proposes a model to help managers understand this role.
Ulrich, B., & Kear, T. (2014). Patient safety and patient safety culture: Foundations of excellent
health care delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 447–456, 505.
https://searchproquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1617932572/fulltextPDF/1486CC
30B3624B3CPQ/1?ac countid=27965
This article provides a general understanding of the concepts of patient safety and patient
safety culture. The authors explain that the health care system is complex and patient
safety is the responsibility of every individual in a health care organization. They discuss
some tools that can be used to measure patient safety culture, for example, the Safety
Attitudes Questionnaire and the Patient Safety Culture Improvement Tool. They also
examine several strategies to encourage a patient safety culture, such as ensuring that
patient safety is given as much importance as other core business functions. This article
Copyright ©2020 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
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was chosen because it offers strategies for preventing adverse events relating to patient
safety and emphasizes the importance of teamwork within a health care organization to
ensure safe patient care.
Learnings from the Research
I gathered important facts and scholarly opinions about patient safety by going through
peer-reviewed journal articles. This research enriched my knowledge about patient safety. For
example, after reading the article on improving safety for hospitalized patients by Kronick et al.
(2016), I learned about patient harms (such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections and
pressure ulcers) that I was unaware of before this research. Further, by creating an annotated
bibliography, I was able to build a repository of scholarly resources relating to patient safety.
This will make it easier for me to choose relevant resources while writing the paper on issues
concerning patient safety.
Copyright ©2020 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
7
References
Kronick, R., Arnold, S., & Brady, J. (2016, August 2). Improving safety for hospitalized patients:
Much progress but many challenges remain. The JAMA Network, 316(5), 489–490.
https://jamanetwork-com.library.capella.edu/journals/jama/fullarticle/2528945
Morris, S., Otto, N. C., & Golemboski, K. (2013). Improving patient safety and healthcare
quality in the 21st century—Competencies required of future medical laboratory science
practitioners. Clinical Laboratory Science, 26(4), 200–204. https://searchproquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1530677721/fulltextPDF/CF6F9C5B900402CP
Q/1?acc ountid=27965
Parand, A., Dopson, S., Renz, A., & Vincent, C. (2014). The role of hospital managers in quality
and patient safety: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 4(9). http://dx.doi.org/
10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005055
Ulrich, B., & Kear, T. (2014). Patient safety and patient safety culture: Foundations of excellent
health care delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 447–456, 505.
https://searchproquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1617932572/fulltextPDF/1486CC
30B3624B3CPQ/1?ac countid=27965
Copyright ©2020 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Applying Research Skills
Page |1
Applying Research Skills
Makeiah Karmea Bynum
Capella University
NHS-FPX4000: Developing a Healthcare Perspective
Instructor: Dr. Joan Vermillion
April 7, 2023
Applying Research Skills
Page |2
Applying Research Skills
Becoming a healthcare employee has shown me that not only am I expected to go above
and beyond, but also to do that free from errors and with patient safety being a top priority.
Unfortunately, the ability to have an error-free hospital stay isn’t always met even though there
are safety nets in place to lower the number of errors made. Out of all the errors that can be made
while in a healthcare setting, “medication errors are among the most common medical errors,
harming at least 1.5 million people every year” (AMCP.org. (n.d.). With thousands of
medications out there and thousands of drug interactions, making sure that you give the right
medication of the correct dosage to the right patient using the right route at the right time and
correctly documenting all the above is crucial to ensuring patient safety which improves the
quality of healthcare.
As a registered nurse that has worked primarily in the ER for the past two years, I was
responsible for administering medications in a more chaotic environment where things could be
missed. Di Simone (2018) argued that “A high number of patients needing emergency care
increases the error”. As a registered nurse, I would see upwards of twenty-plus patients with four
to six in rotation at any given time. The emergency room itself seeing one hundred fifty patients
plus daily leaves a lot of room for error. That’s why nurses are the last safeguard for patients from
potential medical errors (Di Simone 2018). Early in my career as a new grad nurse, I made a
medical error that fortunately didn’t cause the patient any harm. Afterward, I became more
vigilant to make sure that I was aware of my patient’s status prior to giving the medications and
more aware of potential side effects that came with the medication. This awareness is something
Applying Research Skills
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that I make sure I drill into my preceptees’ heads when I train upcoming nurses in my profession.
My professional experience early on is the reason why the medication errors topic was important
to me.
Identifying Peer-Reviewed Articles
To begin my search for identifying peer-reviewed articles, I utilized Google Scholarly and
PubMed through the National Library of Medicine. I narrowed my search using filters to only
review articles within the past five years so that they provided the most recent and up-to-date
information regarding medication errors. I had a checklist where I verified that the articles I chose
cited their sources, references work, and listed experts for the articles review.
I used keywords to search through articles to find exactly what I needed such as
“medication errors in nursing”, “medication error prevention”, “medication safety practices in
nursing”, and “reducing medication errors.” I specifically searched for these keywords and topics
so that my search would be narrowed to specific information related to the topic of medication
errors.
Assessing Credibility and Relevance of Information Sources
As I continued my search for credible sources, I made sure that the scientific information
presented was the most up-to-date. Additionally, I made sure that the articles chosen for my
research were written by professionals. I made sure that they possessed the credentials related to
my research, listed those credentials, and ensured that they cited where the information came from
correctly.
Lastly, I reviewed my chosen sources to make sure they stated relevant to my topic. I
wanted to ensure that it was either talking about reducing medication errors or how far technology
has come to ensure that the patients received the correct medications. I also looked for what
Applying Research Skills
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causes have contributed to medication errors and what has been done to reduce these errors. I
checked to make sure that the articles gave me background information, the objective of the
article itself, what method was used to produce results, and the conclusion of the experiment with
an overview that tied all the above together.
Annotated Bibliography
Billstein-Leber, M., Carrillo, C. O. L. J., Cassano, A. T., Moline, K., & Robertson, J. J. (2018).
ASHP guidelines on preventing medication errors in hospitals. American Journal of
Health-System Pharmacy, 75(19), 1493–1517. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp170811
This article was written to discuss how medication errors are defined as preventable events
that may cause or lead to patient harm. The article further goes into detail to explain
certain guidelines and how they were implemented in place at facilities to prevent
medication errors. The journal thoroughly explains the entire process where there are
multiple safety measures along the way to prevent these errors. These safety measures are
implemented from the beginning such as putting in orders, all the way to the end which is
patient discharge.
This article discusses how medication errors are related to how the healthcare professional
chooses to practice medication handling. It discussed how medication practices were
originally formed to become steps that increased safety such as how the medication was
being stored, how professionals were able to order, and how that medication was
transcribed to be pulled. It even discusses the reviewing and preparation of the medication
prior to being able to be pulled. The article discusses that our job as healthcare
professionals doesn’t end with giving the medication, but how to monitor after and what
Applying Research Skills
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factors are necessary to discuss at discharge. The article includes a step-by-step
implementation outline for reducing the risk of medication errors.
This article was important for my research because it thoroughly shows the amount of
time and preparation it took to limit the number of medication errors. It shows how the
guidelines originated and how they were implemented. I chose it because it met my
criteria to show the best practice and recommendation to prevent patients from harm when
it comes to dispensing medication to them in a medical setting.
Escrivá Gracia, J., Brage Serrano, R., & Fernández Garrido, J. (2019). Medication errors and drug
knowledge gaps among critical-care nurses: A mixed multi-method study. BMC Health
Services Research, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4481-7
This article brings awareness to the pharmacologic emphasis when dealing with
medication errors in a critical care setting. There is a reported 78% of serious medical
errors in the ICU, and medication errors are the highest percentage of those. The article
goes into detail about how most articles focus on the drug administration stage instead of
the initial stage of prescription and transcription. This article discusses deviation from
antibiotic schedules affects the efficiency of the medication due to time dependence.
This article identifies antibiotics and drugs that can’t be administered via NG tube as highrisk medications. The conclusion also included how nurses identified that having low
knowledge of these medications contributes to the greater number of medication errors in
the ICU. The articles emphasize that human error is responsible for medication errors and
that is why we must focus on what is effective prevention such as redesigning the systems
used to become stronger and more error-proof.
Applying Research Skills
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This article is important to my research because it showed a different perspective on
coming into a critical care setting. This was the first article that brought in the possibility
that knowledge contributes to medication errors. I related to this article because if I don’t
know, I want to know. That is how you gain knowledge by looking up medications you
never heard of or never given prior to giving it. With more high acuity patients who are
more susceptible to the consequences of medication errors, it emphasizes that pressure on
nurses to know as much as possible about what medication is being given, how it is given,
and the possible drug interactions from other medications being given around that time.
This article speaks on how knowledge is important.
Hammoudi, B. M., Ismaile, S., & Abu Yahya, O. (2017). Factors associated with medication
administration errors and why nurses fail to report them. Scandinavian Journal of Caring
Sciences, 32(3), 1038–1046. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12546
The purpose of this article was to dig deeper into the “why” of medication errors from a
nurse’s perspective. This article emphasized that patient safety is the biggest challenge
that healthcare systems face today. The article included statistics that show the dangers of
medication errors with seven though per year resulting in death while another 1.5 million
are injured every year. The article also emphasized how nurses are the first line in
medication error prevention and how we are taught the clinical guidelines and policies for
medication administration. The article touches on how medication errors aren’t reported
because of administrative responses which coincide with previous research that fear of
reprimand prevents medical errors from being properly reported.
Using an anonymous questionnaire, the article reported that the main factors that are
associated with medication errors by nurses were related to how the medication was
Applying Research Skills
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packaged, the communication between a physician and the nurse, pharmacy procedures,
staffing, and transcribing issues. The most common factor was that nurses felt that
packages were similar for many medications next to the similarity of names. The second
was communication between the physician and nurse where the legibility of handwritten
orders was on the high end of why the errors happen.
I chose this article because it brings awareness to a different point of view: nurses. I felt
familiar with why these errors can happen. When pulling certain medications, there is a
reminder that pops up for sound-alike drugs. When needing clarification from a physician,
it’s best to ask until you are one hundred percent certain of the orders to prevent patient
harm. This article opened my eyes to how much pressure is on nurses to get it right and
how fear of being reprimanded drives that pressure as well as causes underreporting of
medication errors.
Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind., J. E. (2021). Medical Error Reduction and
Prevention. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved April 9, 2023, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499956/
This article aimed to bring awareness to medication errors and how we continue to grow
in our efforts to prevent them. This article goes on to explain the different types of errors
as well as what is classified as a medical error. As the articles talked about medication
errors, it even goes in-depth on the mental impact that making a medication error could
have on a healthcare professional. This article helps aid in better understanding medical
errors, the impact when one is made, and how we can continue to strive to prevent them
from happening.
Applying Research Skills
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This article, in conclusion, wants the audience to gain a better understanding of what a
medical error is. Although my topic is mediation errors, this article does explain different
types to help understand the spectrum of errors that can happen in a healthcare setting.
This article is unbiased because it not only touches on how the errors can affect the patient
on the receiving end but also how it affects the provider who made the error.
This article is important because it touches on more than mediation errors. Medicine is
forever changing and we as healthcare professionals must stay on top of new research so
that we can always give our best care. Taking time to ensure we implement these steps
when working can help reduce medical errors. This article touches on how making an
error affects the provider is something I personally related to. After my medication error, I
never forgot it and found ways to prevent that from happening again.
Learnings from the Research
From my research in the above articles, I have a new respect for not only myself but my
profession as well. There is a ton that goes into being a nurse and making sure that we provide
above and beyond care. I realize how much more common making errors is because of factors
that happen on the job such as communication between physicians and nurses, staffing, acuity,
and other factors that play a part. Researching this topic has emphasized making sure that no
corners are cut in efforts to prevent medication errors. It’s easy to want to cut corners to that we
have more time to do other tasks required on the shift, but those safety nets have been
implemented to protect not only the patient but our license as well. I will apply this to my daily
practice to continue being vigilant and taking my time to reduce medication errors in my
professional career.
Applying Research Skills
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References
Billstein-Leber, M., Carrillo, C. O. L. J., Cassano, A. T., Moline, K., & Robertson, J. J. (2018).
ASHP guidelines on preventing medication errors in hospitals. American Journal of
Health-System Pharmacy, 75(19), 1493–1517. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp170811
Di Simone, E., Giannetta, N., Auddino, F., Cicotto, A., Grilli, D., & Di Muzio, M. (2018).
Medication errors in the emergency department: Knowledge, attitude, behavior, and
training needs of Nurses. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 22(5), 346–352.
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijccm.ijccm_63_18
Escrivá Gracia, J., Brage Serrano, R., & Fernández Garrido, J. (2019). Medication errors and drug
knowledge gaps among critical-care nurses: A mixed multi-method study. BMC Health
Services Research, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4481-7
Hammoudi, B. M., Ismaile, S., & Abu Yahya, O. (2017). Factors associated with medication
administration errors and why nurses fail to report them. Scandinavian Journal of Caring
Sciences, 32(3), 1038–1046. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12546
AMCP.org. (n.d.). Medication Errors. Retrieved April 9, 2023, from
https://www.amcp.org/about/managed-care-pharmacy-101/concepts-managed-carepharmacy/medication-errors
Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind., J. E. (2021). Medical Error Reduction and
Prevention. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved April 9, 2023, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499956/
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