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Directions: After reading the powerpoint Major health problems write a 2 paragraph essay about what you have learned. Your reflection should include 2 things that stood out to you and how do you believe this ties into kinesiology. You will be given 5 points for the length, it must be 2 paragraphs, 5 points for each topic and how they tie into kinesiology. lastly you will be given 5 points for your opinion of what you learned.
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Major Health Problems
in U.S. and Other
Developed Countries
◼ Typically viewed from two perspectives:
1. Morbidity
◼ Diseased state
◼ Ratio of sick people to well people
◼ Frequency (rate) of a disease or disability
2. Mortality
◼ Cause of death
◼ Annual deaths
◼ Death rate (deaths/100,000 population)
◼ The medical community tends to focus on
mortality when defining major health
problems
◼ Diseases or conditions don’t have to kill us
to cause problems; so, if we take a
morbidity approach, we can add to the list
of leading health problems:
◼ An alternative approach which is
becoming more common, is to identify the
cause of the diseases or condition which
produces the morbidity and mortality
◼ If we look for common threads which run
through all of these health problems, 3
factors clearly stand out:
◼ Sedentary lifestyle (exercise deficiency)
◼ Smoking
◼ Poor diet
◼ Most of the diseases and early deaths
listed on the previous slides are just
symptoms of these 3 major health
problems:
Exercise deficiency
Smoking
Poor diets
◼ If we, as a society could make progress
toward reducing these health problems, it
would have tremendous social, economic,
and emotional benefits for our country
◼ It has been estimated that we could save
◼ $77 billion per year on health care if
◼ everyone walked 30 minutes per day, 5
◼ days per week
◼ For individuals, avoiding these problems
can also have considerable benefits:
Longer, happier, healthier, more productive
lives
◼ Homework:
Smoke less
Exercise more
Eat less junk, more fruits and vegetables
◼ We have established that the single
biggest health problem in the U.S. is an
unhealthy lifestyle:
Sedentary
Poor diet
Smoking
Drug use (alcohol primarily)
◼ We have also concluded that the
degenerative, hypokinetic diseases which
result from unhealthy lifestyles cause the
vast majority of morbidity and mortality in
developed countries
◼ The next issue to address is:
What does the health care system do to solve
these problems?
Could the health care system do more?
◼ Health care models/paradigms
Reactive, disease oriented
◼ Wait until you get sick, then seek help
Proactive, preventive, wellness oriented
◼ Take actions to reduce the chances of getting sick
◼ The current health care system/industry in
the U.S. is mixed:
Proactive/preventive for many bacterial
infectious diseases
◼ Public health measures
◼ Innoculations
◼ System of reporting and tracking the disease
Reactive for most degenerative/hypokinetic
diseases
◼ We do very little to prevent:
Obesity
Cardiovascular diseases
Cancer
Diabetes
Osteoporosis
Stroke
◼ However, we spend enormous resources
trying to manage the problems caused by
these diseases
It would be a lot cheaper to prevent them in the
first place
Cost of type 2 diabetes
◼ The American Diabetes Association
released new research on March 22, 2018
estimating the total costs of diagnosed
diabetes have risen to $327 billion in 2017
from $245 billion in 2012, when the cost
was last examined.
Cont…
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the total estimated cost of diagnosed diabetes in 2017 is $327 billion,
including $237 billion in direct medical costs and $90 billion in reduced
productivity.
The largest components of medical expenditures are:
hospital inpatient care (30% of the total medical cost),
prescription medications to treat complications of diabetes (30%),
anti-diabetic agents and diabetes supplies (15%), and
physician office visits (13%).
How much annually for healthcare in
the U.S.
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The average healthcare cost per person is $10,345. This is a 4.8% annual
increase
A group of researchers compared data from the U.S. and 10 other highincome countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Australia, Japan,
Sweden, France, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Denmark. They found
that spending in the U.S. far outpaces that in other nations. Health care
accounts for almost 18% of the U.S.’s GDP, compared to 9.6% to 12.4% in
the other developed countries
The U.S. had the shortest life expectancy and highest infant mortality rate of
any country included in the analysis, as well as the highest obesity rate.
The U.S. also had the lowest health-adjusted life expectancy, or the
average length of time a person lives in good health: 69 years, compared to
a mean of 72 years in the other areas.
◼ The major infectious diseases have been largely
eliminated by effective preventive measures
Malaria
Measles
Mumps
Polio
Tuberculosis
Diptheria
Bubonic plague
◼ The major degenerative, hypokinetic
diseases cause most of the mortality and
morbidity in the U.S.
◼ And, these diseases and the disability and
early death they cause, costs a lot of
money and emotional pain
◼ So, why don’t we prevent them?
◼ Do we know what causes them?
◼ Do we know what actions can be taken to
prevent them?
◼ Are humans capable of taking these
actions?
◼ If given the chance most humans would
rather:
a. Lead a disciplined lifestyle, with lots of
physical work, eat a low-fat diet, avoid stuffing
themselves (even be kind of hungry on a
regular basis), use very little alcohol, and not
smoke
◼ Or:
b. Relax, take it easy, eat lots of high-fat,
great-tasting food, and PARTY ON!!
◼ These degenerative, hypokinetic diseases
seem to be a relatively new and modern
problem, limited to the richer countries;
◼ Why haven’t these diseases plagued
humans in the past?
1. Food has been relatively scarce
throughout human history
2. There was a lot of hard work involved in
acquiring food in the past
3. Most food was “natural”
4. Many people died fairly young from
accidents or infectious diseases
5. Very few people either lived long enough,
or lived a lifestyle luxurious enough to develop
these diseases
◼ Today:
1. Food is everywhere, and we are constantly
being bombarded with advertisements to eat it
2. We have invented machines to do all our
physical work for us
3. The food industry is primarily interested in
making money, so most modern food is very
unhealthy
◼ So, to get back to the question:
Why doesn’t modern medicine do more to
prevent these diseases?
◼ The actions which lead to prevention go
against human nature:
1. we are narcissistic
2. we focus more on short-term pleasures
than long-term goals
◼ So, rather than take on the difficult task of
changing human behavior, the medical
community takes the easy way out and
treats and manages symptoms
◼ And, they make a ****load of money doing
it!
◼ The reactive, disease-oriented model is:
Practical and easy for the public
Well-established
Good for most infectious diseases (prescribe
antibiotics) and traumatic injuries
But:
Not very effective for chronic degenerative
hypokinetic diseases
◼ The proactive, preventive wellness-
oriented model is:
Less expensive and more effective for chronic
degenerative diseases in the long run
Not well established, so there would be some
big start-up costs
Would require some big changes
◼ Educate and train health care workers
◼ Educate and convince the public
◼ Change human behavior
◼ What are the chances of changing
models?
◼ What might eventually motivate us to
make the change?
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