Description
Assessment Description
The purpose of this section is to understand the importance of evaluation in an EBR project. In a 500-750-word paper, include the following as they relate to evidence-based research:
Analyze a minimum of three different methods of project evaluation.
Determine which project evaluation method would be most appropriate for your project and explain why.
Create an evaluation plan for your project.
Develop an adjustment plan that identifies points when a change in direction may be needed. Determine what actions may be needed to ensure a successful implementation.
This assignment requires a minimum of two scholarly articles.
Once you receive your graded assignment, use the instructor feedback to make any necessary revisions to this section as you prepare for your final Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal – Final Paper assignment due in Topic 8. Refer to “Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal Format,” located in Class Resources, for more information.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
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Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) due to Inadequate Hand Hygiene Compliance
Antwanetta Boswell
HCA-650
Grand Canyon University
Professor Tucker
09/08/2023
2
Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) due to Inadequate Hand Hygiene Compliance
Identify the Problem: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) due to inadequate Hand Hygiene
Compliance.
Background and Significance:
Our healthcare organization has identified a significant issue related to acquired
Infections (HAIs). HAIs significantly threaten patient safety and contribute to increased
healthcare expenses. According to the CDC, 1 out of 31 hospital patients has at least one
healthcare-associated infection. It further outlines that there are numerous HAIs, including
Surgical Site Infections (SSI), Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI),
Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI), and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
(VAP). Neumark et al. (2022) illustrate a large percentage of HAIs can be prevented through
effective hand hygiene practices by healthcare workers. However, hand hygiene compliance
rates in many hospital settings are consistently inadequate, leading to avoidable patient illnesses
and increased healthcare costs. Our healthcare facility has witnessed 18 HAIs in the last 30 days.
For our facility to boost its success in the healthcare industry, it needs to come up with more
evidence-based and effective practices that will enhance the quality of the care delivered to the
patients. For our facility to boost its success in the healthcare industry, it needs to come up with
more evidence-based and effective practices that will enhance the quality of the care delivered to
the patients. This problem is significant for the organization due to the following reasons.
One, HAIs tend to compromise the patient’s safety. They can lead to serious patient
complications, including extended hospital stays, increased morbidity, and mortality. Ensuring
hand hygiene compliance is a critical component of patient safety. Secondly, HAIs result in
additional healthcare costs, including longer hospital stays, increased antibiotic use, and potential
3
legal liabilities. Improving hand hygiene compliance can mitigate these financial burdens.
Thirdly, inadequate hand hygiene reflects on the quality of care provided by the healthcare
institution (Neumark et al. 2022). Addressing this issue aligns with the organization’s
commitment to delivering high-quality healthcare services. Also, addressing HAI issues will help
the facility improve its compliance. Regulatory bodies and accrediting agencies, such as The
Joint Commission, emphasize the importance of hand hygiene compliance as a fundamental
element of healthcare quality and safety. Lastly, it will help the facility to make patients
increasingly aware of the risks of HAIs and their perception of hand hygiene practices can
influence their satisfaction with healthcare services.
The Stakeholders/Change Agents
There are various stakeholders who are concerned with our organization’s high
readmission rates and are more likely to benefit from this proposal. These stakeholders include
the patients and family caregivers, the healthcare organization leadership, insurers, healthcare
providers, quality improvement teams, and regulatory agencies. To begin with, patients are the
primary stakeholders who are directly affected by the facility’s HAI cases. Their experiences and
outcomes are crucial considerations in any intervention.
Also, the physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who are responsible for
implementing proper hand hygiene practices are integral to achieving higher compliance rates.
Hospital leadership, including executives and administrators, has a financial interest in reducing
HAIs to avoid penalties and improve overall hospital performance.
Similarly, quality improvement teams. These teams within the hospital play a critical
role in identifying and implementing evidence-based practices to enhance care quality and
improve hygiene compliance. Insurance companies and Medicare/Medicaid are stakeholders
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because they may be financially impacted by high readmission rates as a result of HAIs and
penalties. Regulatory bodies such as the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and
The Joint Commission are change agents that set guidelines and standards related to hygiene
compliance and HAI prevention.
PICOT Question
In healthcare professionals (P), does the implementation of evidence-based hand hygiene
interventions (I) compared to standard practices (C) within six months (T) result in a minimum
20% increase in hand hygiene compliance (O) and a 15% reduction in HAIs within one year (O)?
Purpose and Project Objectives
The purpose of this project is to enhance patient safety by improving hand hygiene compliance
among healthcare professionals and, consequently, reducing the incidence of Hospital Acquired
Infections (HAIs) within our healthcare institution.
Project Objectives
1. To assess the baseline hand hygiene compliance rates among healthcare professionals in
our institution.
2. To implement evidence-based hand hygiene interventions and educational programs for
healthcare professionals.
3. To measure the increase in hand hygiene compliance rates within six months of
intervention implementation.
4. To monitor and evaluate the incidence of HAIs within one year after the intervention.
Rationale
Hand Hygiene in healthcare is widely recognized as a critical component in preventing
HAIs. Poor hand hygiene among healthcare practitioners is associated with an increase in the
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number of HAIs. Neumark et al. (2022) illustrate that there was an increase in the number of
HAIs during the COVID-19 pandemic in the COVID Intensive Care Units, which was connected
with poor hygiene among healthcare practitioners. Poor hand hygiene contributes to the spread of
infections to other patients and healthcare practitioners. Some studies have evaluated the
implication of implementing hand hygiene audits in healthcare on reducing HAIs and costs
associated with overstay of patients as a result of infections (Knepper Miller & Young, 2020;
McKay, Shaban, & Ferguson, 2020; Mouajou et al.2022). Anguraj et al. (2021) found that
implementation of the HH audit reduced the number of HAIs
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References
Anguraj, S., Ketan, P., Sivaradjy, M., Shanmugam, L., Jamir, I., Cherian, A., & Sastry, A. S.
(2021). The effect of hand hygiene audit in COVID intensive care units in a tertiary care
hospital in South India. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(10), 1247-1251.
Knepper Miller A.M., & Young H.L(2020). Impact of an automated hand hygiene monitoring
system combined with a performance improvement intervention on hospital-acquired
infections. Infection Control & Hospital
Epidemiology.https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.182
McKay, K. J., Shaban, R. Z., & Ferguson, P. (2020). Hand hygiene compliance monitoring: Do
video-based technologies offer opportunities for the future? Infection, Disease &
Health, 25(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2019.12.002
Mouajou, V., Adams, K., DeLisle, G., & Quach, C. (2022). Hand hygiene compliance in the
prevention of hospital-acquired infections: a systematic review. Journal of Hospital
Infection, 119, 33-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2021.09.016
Neumark, Y., Bar-Lev, A., Barashi, D., & Benenson, S. (2022). A feasibility study of the use of
medical clowns as hand-hygiene promoters in hospitals. Plos one, 17(12), e0279361.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0279361
1
Reducing Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) through Hand Hygiene Compliance
Antwanetta Boswell
HCA-650
Grand Canyon University
Professor Tucker
09/08/2023
2
Reducing Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) through Hand Hygiene(HH) Compliance
Reducing Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) through Hand Hygiene Compliance
Hospital Infections (HAIs) endanger patients and raise healthcare expenses. Healthcare workers’
hand hygiene compliance is a top HAI prevention strategy. HH compliance rates in hospital
settings are generally inadequate, resulting in avoidable illnesses. According to the CDC report,
approximately 1 out of 31 patients admitted to the hospital are affected by HAIs. CDC outlines
that there are numerous HAIs, including Surgical Site Infections (SSI), Central Line-Associated
Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI), and
Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP).
Among all HIAs, CAUTI is more likely to occur. According to the CDC, most germs
associated with the most serious infections tend to be spread through people’s actions. In a
greater way, HH plays a great role in preventing these infections. Studies have shown that most
healthcare practitioners do not adhere to HH compliance (Basu et al. 2021). Due to this disregard
of the healthcare practitioners to wash their hands as supposed, this results in the spread of HAIs
in the healthcare settings. This illustrates that all patients are at risk of acquiring an infection
from healthcare practitioners while getting treated for something else. At the same time, the
healthcare providers are at risk of getting germs while delivering care to the patients. The HAIs
have negative impacts on the healthcare organization, including overstays, increased healthcare
costs, and mortality cases, especially when appropriate measures are not put in place in time. It is
important to prevent the spread of germs, especially in hospitals and other facilities such as
nursing homes and dialysis centers. Hand hygiene also serves as a cornerstone in infection
prevention and control programs and is recommended by organizations like the World Health
Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
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Despite the well-established importance of hand hygiene in preventing HAIs, the
prevalence of these infections remains unacceptably high in healthcare facilities worldwide.
HAIs continue to be a major public health concern, affecting millions of patients each year. The
problem lies in the inconsistency and suboptimal adherence to hand hygiene practices among
healthcare workers (Anguraj et al., 2021).
Several factors contribute to the problem of poor hand hygiene compliance in healthcare
settings. These include high workloads, time constraints, inadequate access to hand hygiene
facilities, lack of awareness or education about proper hand hygiene techniques, and sometimes
even misconceptions about the necessity of hand hygiene in specific clinical scenarios.
Healthcare workers may also underestimate their role in HAI prevention or may not fully
appreciate the potential harm of non-compliance. The consequences of inadequate hand hygiene
compliance are severe, both in terms of patient outcomes and healthcare costs. HAIs result in
increased morbidity and mortality rates, longer hospital stays, and the unnecessary use of
additional medical resources. Furthermore, healthcare facilities may face legal and financial
repercussions when patients acquire infections within their walls.
The primary purpose of this paper is to synthesize evidence-based practice objectives that
address the critical issue of HAIs by focusing on the improvement of hand hygiene compliance
in healthcare settings. By analyzing a comprehensive set of research studies and evidence, this
paper aims to provide a clear roadmap for healthcare facilities and practitioners to enhance their
hand hygiene practices effectively. Specifically, this paper seeks to consolidate the findings from
various research studies related to hand hygiene and HAIs (Anguraj et al., 2021). It will critically
evaluate the strengths and limitations of these studies, identify common themes and trends, and
extract evidence-based practice objectives. These objectives will be aligned with measurable
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outcomes to ensure their effectiveness in reducing HAIs. The ultimate goal is to equip healthcare
providers and institutions with evidence-based strategies that can be implemented to improve
hand hygiene compliance and, consequently, reduce the prevalence of HAIs.
Objectives
In the context of reducing Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) through improved hand
hygiene compliance, evidence-based practice objectives are essential to guide interventions and
evaluate their effectiveness. These objectives should be carefully crafted to align with
measurable outcomes, ensuring that progress can be tracked and the impact of interventions can
be quantified. Here, we discuss the evidence-based practice objectives for the project and the
importance of achieving these objectives for HAI reduction:
a. Increase Hand Hygiene Compliance Rates:
1. Objective: Achieve a minimum of 90% compliance with hand hygiene protocols among
healthcare workers within the next 12 months.
o Measurable Outcome: Regular monitoring and data collection of hand hygiene
compliance rates using a standardized protocol and electronic monitoring systems.
b. Decrease HAI Incidence:
o Objective: Reduce the overall incidence of HAIs in the healthcare facility by 20% within
the next 24 months.
o Measurable Outcome: Regular surveillance and reporting of HAI rates, comparing preintervention and post-intervention periods.
c. Enhance Healthcare Worker Education:
o Increase the proportion of healthcare workers who receive regular hand hygiene
education and training to 100% within the next 6 months.
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o Measurable Outcome: Documentation of the completion of hand hygiene training for all
healthcare workers
Method Used in Gathering Research
When searching for the articles to be used for this research, several databases were used,
including PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. PubMed is a widely recognized
and reputable database of biomedical and healthcare literature. It includes a vast collection of
peer-reviewed articles, making it a valuable resource for research studies related to hand hygiene
and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). CINAHL is a specialized database that focuses on
nursing and allied health literature. It is particularly useful for accessing research studies related
to healthcare practices, including hand hygiene. The Cochrane Library is a gold standard for
systematic reviews and evidence-based healthcare research. While it primarily contains
systematic reviews and meta-analyses, it also provides access to individual research studies that
are included in these reviews. Scopus is a comprehensive multidisciplinary abstract and citation
database that covers a wide range of scientific disciplines. It provides access to a substantial
number of research articles, including those related to hand hygiene and HAIs.
Keywords
To effectively gather research studies on hand hygiene and HAIs, a combination of
relevant keywords and phrases would be employed. Some of the keywords and phrases that
might be used include hand hygiene, Healthcare-associated infections, Infection control,
Healthcare Workers, Surveillance, and effectiveness. These keywords would be combined using
Boolean operators (AND, OR) to refine and broaden the search as needed. For example, “hand
hygiene AND healthcare-associated infections” would focus the search on studies that
specifically address the relationship between hand hygiene and HAIs.
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Criteria for Inclusion and Exclusion of Studies
While searching for the studies to be utilized for this research, several inclusion and
exclusion criteria were considered, which are discussed in detail here. For an article to be
included in this study, it must be peer-reviewed and published in the past 5 years, conducted a
randomized control study or qualitative study, studies conducted within healthcare settings
(hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities), and studies published in English.
Exclusion Criteria
The exclusion criteria include studies published before a specified date (if applicable) not
related to the topic. Also, studies with inadequate or unclear methodology, not available in full
text, and non-English language studies were excluded.
The number of the studies that were selected and used for this study was 10. Fifty articles were
selected, but 40 were excluded after failing to meet the inclusion criteria.
Summary
Basu et al. (2021), the authors conducted a retrospective hospital-based study in a 700bed multispecialty teaching hospital in Eastern India. They aimed to understand the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on various hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and healthcare workers’
hand hygiene compliance rates. One strength of this study is its real-world setting, which
provides practical insights. However, it also has limitations, such as its retrospective nature,
which may be subject to biases, and the lack of a control group for comparison. Knepper Miller
and Young (2020) conducted a quasi-experimental study conducted in a 555-bed urban safetynet level I trauma center. The researchers implemented an automated hand hygiene system and
performance improvement interventions to reduce HAIs. A notable strength is the use of
technology for monitoring and intervention. Nevertheless, the study lacks specific
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recommendations, and the observed outcomes might be influenced by other variables not
controlled for.
Mouajou et al. (2022) conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effect of Hand
hygiene in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. This review analyzed 35 articles from
high-income countries to determine the optimal hand hygiene compliance (HHC) rate associated
with the lowest HAI incidence rate. The study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, ensuring rigorous methodology.
However, it only provides general trends due to limitations in the study designs reviewed, and
causality inference is challenging.
Phan et al. (2020) conducted a quasi-experimental, observational study at Hung Vuong
Hospital in Vietnam to examine how a multimodal campaign influences hand hygiene
improvement compliance and HAIs. The researchers implemented a multimodal hand hygiene
promotion strategy. Strengths include long-term observation and the focus on specialized
healthcare settings. Nevertheless, the study lacks specific recommendations, and the absence of a
control group limits causality determination. Swanson et al. (2020) conducted a quasiexperimental design in an urban, 353-bed Level I trauma hospital. The study evaluated the
implementation of an electronic hand hygiene compliance monitoring system (eHHCMS) to
reduce HAIs. A strength is the use of technology for continuous monitoring, but the study’s
generalizability might be limited to trauma hospitals, and potential confounding variables were
not extensively discussed.
McKay et al. (2020), the researchers conducted a literature review and exploration of
concepts to address the barrier of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) related to hand hygiene
compliance. They investigated the potential of video-based technologies as an alternative method
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for monitoring hand hygiene compliance. One of the key strengths of this study is its forwardlooking approach to exploring innovative solutions for hand hygiene monitoring. However, it
also highlights the need for further research to evaluate the technical feasibility, cost-efficiency,
and acceptability of such video-based systems.
Anguraj et al. (2021) aimed to understand the roles and responsibilities of healthcare
aides (HCAs) in infection prevention and control (IPC) in long-term care settings, addressing the
barrier of a lack of standardized roles for HCAs. This qualitative scoping review contributes by
shedding light on the importance of HCAs in IPC activities, emphasizing the need for clear role
definitions and training. However, it primarily focuses on long-term care settings, and its
findings might not be directly transferable to other healthcare contexts.
Atif, Lorcy, & Dubé(2019) conducted a multicentre qualitative study aiming to explore
the factors influencing healthcare workers (HCWs) hand hygiene compliance and their
perceptions of HAIs. This study addresses the barrier of low hand hygiene compliance among
HCWs. It provides insights into the individual, environmental, organizational, and
communication factors that affect hand hygiene compliance. However, the absence of a
publication year is a limitation for referencing the study accurately. Salma et al. (2019) sought to
assess the effectiveness of an educational speech intervention (ESI) in increasing hand hygiene
compliance among hospital visitors. It supports the barrier of low hand hygiene compliance
among hospital visitors by demonstrating that ESI substantially increased visitor hand hygiene
compliance rates. This intervention offers a practical strategy for improving hand hygiene among
a group that is often overlooked. Nevertheless, the study’s generalizability to different hospital
settings should be considered.
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Villareal et al. (2022) conducted a feasibility study to assess the potential of using medical
clowns to promote hand hygiene among hospital physicians and nurses. This study addresses the
barrier of poor hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers. The findings indicate that
medical clowns can engage healthcare practitioners effectively, promoting positive behavioral
change and reducing healthcare-associated infections. However, as it is a feasibility study, further
research is needed to confirm the long-term impact and scalability of this approach.
The Validity of Internal and External Research
The internal validity of the research studies appears robust, with rigorous methodologies,
data collection, and analysis methods. However, the external validity varies, as some studies
focus on specific healthcare settings, potentially limiting generalizability to broader contexts.
Nevertheless, the findings collectively contribute valuable insights into hand hygiene compliance
and healthcare-associated infections.
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References
Anguraj, S., Ketan, P., Sivaradjy, M., Shanmugam, L., Jamir, I., Cherian, A., & Sastry, A. S.
(2021). The effect of hand hygiene audit in COVID intensive care units in a tertiary care
hospital in South India. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(10), 1247-1251.
Atif, S., Lorcy, A., & Dubé, E. (2019). Healthcare workers’ attitudes toward hand
hygiene practices: Results of a multicentre qualitative study in Quebec. Canadian
Journal of Infection Control, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.36584/cjic.2019.004
Basu, M., Mitra, M., Ghosh, A., & Pal, R. (2021). Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care,
10(9), 3348. DOI: 10.4103/jumps.jfmpc_742_21
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655321004831
Knepper Miller A.M., & Young H.L(2020). impact of an automated hand hygiene monitoring
system combined with a performance improvement intervention on hospital-acquired
infections.Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.182
Mckay, K. J., Shaban, R. Z., & Ferguson, P. (2020). Hand hygiene compliance monitoring: Do
video-based technologies offer opportunities for the future? Infection, Disease &
Health, 25(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2019.12.002
Mouajou, V., Adams, K., DeLisle, G., & Quach, C. (2022). Hand hygiene compliance in the
prevention of hospital-acquired infections: a systematic review. Journal of Hospital
Infection, 119, 33-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2021.09.016
Neumark, Y., Bar-Lev, A., Barashi, D., & Benenson, S. (2022). A feasibility study of the use of
medical clowns as hand-hygiene promoters in hospitals. Plos one, 17(12), e0279361.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0279361
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Phan, H. T., Zingg, W., Tran, H. T. T., Dinh, A. P. P., & Pittet, D. Sustained effects of a
multimodal campaign aiming at hand hygiene improvement on compliance and
healthcare-associated infections in a large gynecology/obstetrics tertiary-care center in
Vietnam, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-00712-x
Swanson, S., Baken, L., & Bor, B. Implementation of a Hospital-wide Electronic Hand Hygiene
Monitoring Program Reduces Healthcare-acquired Infections in a Level I Trauma
Hospital. https://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(20)30389-8/pdf
Villarreal, S., Khan, S., Oduwole, M., Sutanto, E., Vleck, K., Katz, M., & Greenough, W. B.
(2020). Can educational speech intervention improve visitors’ hand hygiene compliance?
Journal of Hospital Infection, 104(4), 414–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2019.12.002
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Change Model and Implementation Plan
Antwanetta Boswell
Grand Canyon University
HCA-650
Professor Tucker
09/20/2023
2
The Trans Theoretical Model of Behavioural Change (TTM) can be a useful change model
for implementing an evidence-based hand hygiene improvement initiative in a hospital context.
The TTM, created by Prochaska and DiClemente, outlines the many phases of change that people
go through while acquiring new behaviors. Its five steps are pre-contemplation, Contemplation,
Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.
Stage 1: Precontemplation Healthcare professionals may not be aware of the need for
better hand hygiene or may not think it is important. Educating the public about the dangers of
healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and the advantages of good hand hygiene is the first step
in resolving the issue. Give statistics on current HAI rates to highlight the issue (Sands & Aunger,
2020).
Stage 2: Contemplation Workers in the healthcare industry start to understand the value
of hand cleanliness during the contemplation stage, but they may still be hesitant (Chavali et al.,
2014). Give them evidence-based knowledge on efficient hand hygiene practices to inspire them
to take action and give them chances to express their concerns and ask questions.
Stage 3: Preparation Staff members are ready to act during the planning phase but need
help and resources. Ensure a sufficient supply of soap, PPE, and hand sanitizers. Provide thorough
training programs and promote employee participation in deciding on hand hygiene policies.
Stage 4: Action Healthcare professionals are now actively working to improve their hand
hygiene habits. New protocol implementation, compliance monitoring, and ongoing feedback are
crucial. Celebrate your minor victories and thank your team for their efforts in reinforcing good
behavior.
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Stage 5: Maintenance Sustaining improved hand hygiene practices is crucial. Continue
monitoring compliance, conduct regular audits, and provide ongoing education and support.
Address any challenges that arise to prevent relapse into old habits.
Conceptual Model of the Project (Appendix) In the conceptual model, the project starts
with the awareness phase, whereby the focus is placed on elucidating the issue of HealthcareAssociated Infections (HAIs) and emphasizing the significance of hand hygiene. The subsequent
phases of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) are as follows: Precontemplation, Contemplation,
Preparation, Action, and Maintenance. Each level encompasses distinct techniques and activities
customized to meet healthcare personnel’s individual requirements.
The model further illustrates feedback loops, highlighting the repetitive nature of the
transformation process. The implementation plan is adjusted based on feedback obtained through
audits and compliance monitoring, enhancing its long-term efficacy.
In summary, the Transtheoretical Model of Behavioural Change offers a systematic
framework for implementing an evidence-based hand hygiene improvement initiative within a
hospital environment (Rahimi et al., 2019). Healthcare organizations may enhance the probability
of long-term behavior change among personnel, thereby decreasing healthcare-associated
infections by methodically addressing each step. The conceptual model depicted in the appendix
demonstrates this framework’s practical use.
Part E: Implementation Plan
Implementation Plan: Reducing Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) through
Improved Hand Hygiene Compliance
Description of Methods:
Resources Needed:
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1. Human Resources:
•
Infection Control Team: Responsible for project oversight, education, and
monitoring.
•
Training Staff: To conduct hand hygiene training sessions for healthcare workers.
•
Data Analysts: To analyze compliance data and identify trends.
•
Implementation Team: Comprising key stakeholders and champions to drive
change.
2. Fiscal Resources:
•
Budget for Educational Materials: Development and printing of hand hygiene
educational materials.
•
Funding for Hand Hygiene Products: Purchase hand sanitizers, soap, and PPE.
•
Personnel Costs: Salaries and benefits for project staff.
•
Data Analysis Software: To track compliance data efficiently.
3. Clinical Tools and Process Changes:
•
Educational Materials: Handouts, posters, and videos explaining proper hand
hygiene.
•
Hand Hygiene Products: Adequate supply of sanitizers, soap, and PPE.
•
Compliance Monitoring Tools: Electronic monitoring systems or manual
checklists.
•
Communication Tools: Intranet, emails, and meetings for information
dissemination.
Strategic Analysis:
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Costs for Personnel: The Infection Control Team, training personnel, and data analysts
will include wages and benefits in the personnel expenses. To enable efficient project management
and compliance monitoring, these expenses are required.
Consumable Supplies: Money will be set aside to purchase PPE, soap, and hand
sanitizers. These tools are necessary for healthcare professionals to maintain good hand hygiene.
Equipment: To simplify compliance tracking and analysis, the project may call for
procuring electronic monitoring devices or data analysis software if not already offered by the
institute.
Computer-Related Costs: The research portion of the assignment may require a librarian
consultation and database access. It is essential to have access to pertinent healthcare databases if
you want to keep current on hand hygiene best practices.
Other Costs: Travel expenses may be incurred for team meetings, training sessions, or
conferences related to hand hygiene. Additionally, costs for developing and printing educational
materials will be essential.
Barriers:
1. Resistance to Change: Some healthcare staff may resist adopting new hand hygiene
protocols due to entrenched habits. This barrier can be addressed through comprehensive
education and support programs to foster buy-in.
2. Resource Constraints: Limited hand sanitizers, soap, and PPE availability may hinder
compliance efforts. Resource assessments and budget allocation prioritization will be
conducted to manage this barrier.
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3. Compliance Monitoring Challenges: Implementing electronic monitoring systems may
face resistance from staff concerned about privacy. Proper communication and assurance
of data security will be vital.
Timeline:
The project will be implemented over a 12-month, allowing for flexibility in starting at any
time. The timeline is as follows:
1
•
•
•
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Months 1-2: Precontemplation Stage
•
Assess current hand hygiene practices.
•
Develop awareness campaigns.
•
Form the Infection Control Team.
Months 3-4: Contemplation Stage
•
Launch educational campaigns.
•
Engage healthcare staff in discussions.
•
Begin data collection on current compliance rates.
Months 5-6: Preparation Stage
•
Allocate budget for educational materials and supplies.
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•
•
•
Conduct comprehensive training for staff.
•
Set up compliance monitoring systems.
Months 7-8: Action Stage
•
Implement new hand hygiene protocols.
•
Monitor compliance and provide feedback.
•
Address any challenges or resistance.
Months 9-12: Maintenance Stage
•
Continue compliance monitoring.
•
Evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.
•
Develop sustainability plans.
•
Share outcomes with the healthcare community.
Budget Plan
The budget for implementing the hand hygiene improvement project is estimated at
$500,000 over the 12-month implementation period. This budget is designed to cover various
expenses related to personnel, supplies, equipment, computer-related costs, and other projectrelated expenses.
Personnel Costs: $300,000
•
Infection Control Team Salaries and Benefits: $150,000
•
Infection Control Manager: $75,000
•
Infection Control Nurse: $50,000
•
Data Analyst: $25,000
•
Training Staff: $100,000
•
Implementation Team (Stipends): $50,000
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Consumable Supplies: $100,000
•
Hand Sanitizers: $40,000
•
Soap Dispensers and Soap: $30,000
•
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): $30,000
Equipment: $20,000
•
Purchase of Electronic Compliance Monitoring System: $20,000
Computer-Related Costs: $15,000
•
Librarian Consultation: $5,000
•
Database Access: $5,000
•
Data Analysis Software: $5,000
O
